TITLE 28.INSURANCE

Part 2. TEXAS WORKERS' COMPENSATION COMMISSION

Chapter 124. CARRIERS: REQUIRED NOTICES AND MODE OF PAYMENT

28 TAC §124.1

The Texas Workers' Compensation Commission (the commission) adopts an amendment to §124.1 (regarding notice of injury) with changes to the proposed text published in the October 31, 2003, issue of the Texas Register (28 TexReg 9403).

As required by the Government Code §2001.033(1), the commission's reasoned justification for this rule is set out in this order, which includes the preamble, which in turn includes the rule. This preamble contains a summary of the factual basis of the rule, a summary of comments received from interested parties, names of those groups and associations who commented and whether they were for or against adoption of the rule, and the reasons why the commission agrees or disagrees with some of the comments and proposals.

Changes made to the proposed rule were made for consistency. No changes were made in response to public comment.

Changes in the proposed text are found at §124.1(g).

Adopted 124.1. Notice of Injury.

Amended §124.1 is adopted in response to legislation enacted by the 78th Legislature, 2003. The amendment addresses changes made to Texas Labor Code §§409.021 and 504.002. The amendments to §124.1 describe what constitutes "written notice" for a certified self-insurer, a political subdivision that self-insures, or other type of carrier. Written notice of injury is an important concept in the workers' compensation system because receipt of this notice triggers claims administration duties regarding the claim.

The commission amends §124.1 by adding new subsection (b) to address written notice to a certified self-insurer. This amendment provides that "written notice" to a certified self-insurer occurs only upon written notice to the qualified claims servicing contractor designated by the certified self-insurer under Texas Labor Code §407.061(c). This complies with the statutory revisions.

The commission amends §124.1 by adding new subsection (c) to address written notice to a political subdivision. This amendment provides that "written notice" to a political subdivision that self-insures, either individually or collectively through an interlocal agreement as described by Section 504.011, occurs only upon written notice to the intergovernmental risk pool or other entity responsible for administering the claim. This also complies with the statutory revisions.

The remaining subsections, as proposed, are re-designated as subsections (d) - (f).

A new subsection (g) has been added that was not part of the rule as proposed. This subsection was added to clarify that subsections (b) and (c) of this rule are effective only for claims with a date of injury on or after September 1, 2003.

Comments indicating support of the proposed amendment to §124.1 were received from the following groups and associations: Insurance Council of Texas.

Comments neither specifically opposing or in favor of the proposed amendment to §124.1, but offering suggestions, were received from the following groups and associations: Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co. and Accupro Services LTD.

Summaries of the comments and commission responses are as follows:

Comment: Commenter suggests that the notice requirement should remain with TWCC as a failsafe mechanism and should not be given to other entities.

Response: The commission disagrees. The adopted amendments are required to implement the statutory revisions, and the provisions commenter refers to are not part of the proposed or adopted amendments. Section 124.1 refers to notice to an insurance carrier that an injury has occurred. Notice of injury is of primary importance in that it starts the "clock" for a number of administrative requirements that ultimately allow an injured employee to receive benefits. To require notice to come only from the commission would be contrary to statutory provisions and would delay the process and delay the injured employee's receipt of benefits. Commenter's suggestion would require injured employees to report all injuries to the commission. It is much more efficient to have injured employees report to their employers and have the employer forward the notice to the proper carrier, as required by the statute.

Comment: Commenter indicates that subsection (a) refers to "written notice," while (a)(3) refers only to communication and does not specify "written" communication. Commenter indicates this subsection should also give some limits regarding source. The suggested change is, "...any other written communication received from an identifiable source..."

Response: This comment also falls outside the scope of the proposed and adopted amendments. The commission disagrees with the suggested language. The statements referred to by the commenter fall under subsection (a). Notice does not need to come exclusively from the employer. This is to ensure that the workers' compensation process is initiated promptly so an injured employee may obtain the necessary care and compensation (if applicable) as quickly as possible.

Comment: Commenter questions the information in the fiscal/cost note that was included in the proposed rule. Commenter questions why there would be no financial implications for a certified self-insurer for 5 years, and asks what motivation they would have to comply with the rule until five years has lapsed.

Response: The commission disagrees with the commenter's interpretation of the cost note. The intention was to point out that there is no expected increase or decrease in current costs as a result of implementation of this rule. Further, insurance carriers must comply with the requirements of the statute and this rule upon its effective date for compensable injuries which occur on or after September 1, 2003.

Comment: Commenters supported the adoption of the amendments. Commenter stated that the amendments are appropriate and implement the provisions of HB 2199 and SB 1282 passed by the 78th Legislature.

Response: The commission agrees.

The amendments are adopted under the Texas Labor Code §402.061, which authorizes the commission to adopt rules necessary to administer the Act; Texas Labor Code §406.010, which authorizes the Commission to adopt rules regarding claims service; Texas Labor Code §407.001 which defines qualified claims servicing contractors; Texas Labor Code §407.061, which sets out the general requirements for eligibility for a certificate of authority to self-insure; Texas Labor Code §409.021, which requires the insurance carrier to notify the Commission and employee of the initiation of compensation or the insurance carrier's refusal to initiate payment; Texas Labor Code §504.002, which establishes the applicability of general workers' compensation laws to political subdivisions; and Texas Labor Code §504.011, which sets out the methods by which a political subdivision shall extend workers' compensation benefits to employees.

§124.1.Notice of Injury.

(a) Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, written notice of injury, as used in the Texas Workers' Compensation Act, §409.021, consists of the insurance carrier's earliest receipt of:

(1) the Employer's First Report of Injury as described in §120.2 of this title (relating to Employer's First Report of Injury);

(2) the notification provided by the Commission under subsection (e) of this section; or

(3) if no Employer's First Report of Injury has been filed, any other communication regardless of source, which fairly informs the carrier of the name of the injured employee, the identity of the employer, the approximate date of the injury and information which asserts the injury is work related.

(b) Written notice of injury for a certified self-insurer is received on the date the qualified claims servicing contractor designated by the self-insurer under Texas Labor Code §407.061(c) receives the notice.

(c) Written notice of injury for a political subdivision that self-insures under Texas Labor Code §504.011, either individually or through an interlocal agreement with other political subdivisions, is received on the date the intergovernmental risk pool or other entity responsible for administering the claim receives the notice.

(d) The carrier shall immediately create a written record on paper or in an electronic format of the earliest notice of injury as defined in subsection (a) of this section that is not received in writing. The date of receipt of a written notice of injury shall be deemed to be the earliest date the carrier receives the information identified in subsections (a)(1), (2), or (3) of this section. Upon request of the Commission, a carrier shall provide an affidavit indicating the receipt or non-receipt of a notice of injury received and the receipt date.

(e) The Commission shall furnish written notification to the carrier when a source other than the carrier reports:

(1) an injury that may cause the employee eight days or more of disability or has resulted in an impairment;

(2) a death; or

(3) an occupational disease.

(f) If a carrier is notified of an injury for which it has not received an Employer's First Report of Injury, from the employer, the carrier shall contact the employer regarding the injury within seven days of notification.

(g) Subsections (b) and (c) of this section apply only to compensable injuries with a date of injury on or after September 1, 2003.

This agency hereby certifies that the adoption has been reviewed by legal counsel and found to be a valid exercise of the agency's legal authority.

Filed with the Office of the Secretary of State on February 23, 2004.

TRD-200401260

Susan Cory

General Counsel

Texas Workers' Compensation Commission

Effective date: March 14, 2004

Proposal publication date: October 31, 2003

For further information, please call: (512) 804-4287


28 TAC §124.3

The Texas Workers' Compensation Commission (the commission) adopts amendments to §124.3 (relating to Investigation of Injury and Notice of Denial/Dispute), with changes to the proposed text published in the September 5, 2003, issue of the Texas Register (28 TexReg 7505).

As required by the Government Code §2001.033(1), the commission's reasoned justification for this rule is set out in this order, which includes the preamble, which in turn includes the rule. This preamble contains a summary of the factual basis of the rule, a summary of comments received from interested parties, names of those groups and associations who commented and whether they were for or against adoption of the rule, and the reasons why the commission disagrees with some of the comments and proposals.

Changes made to the proposed rule are in response to public comment received in writing and at a public hearing held on October 15, 2003, and are described in the summary of comments and responses section of this preamble. Other changes were made for consistency or to correct typographical or grammatical errors.

Changes in the proposed text include §§124.3(a)(2), 124.3(a)(2)(B), 124.3(c)(2), and 124.3(f).

These rule changes are adopted to comply with statutory mandates in the Texas Labor Code. The statutory changes from the 2003 legislative session were in response to the Texas Supreme Court's decision in Continental Casualty Company v. Downs , 81 S.W.3d 803 (Tex. 2002). The court's decision changed the long-standing interpretation of when a carrier has waived the right to contest compensability and liability of a claim. The Legislature's changes provide statutorily specific timeframes and penalties. There were two changes with respect to time frames. One further supported the previous §409.021(c) in clarifying that carriers have 60 days to contest compensability of a claim after receiving written notice. The other is that the time for carriers to contest compensability of a claim or begin benefit payments was increased from seven to 15 days. Related to the 15-day period are new violations with fixed penalty amounts.

Adopted §124.3 - Investigation of an Injury and Notice of Denial/Dispute.

Amendments to §124.3 (a) (1) and (2) change the seven-day period to fifteen days in accordance with the revised statute. This legislative change allows the insurance carrier more time to investigate a claim before the initial deadline for indicating if it will accept and pay benefits or deny a claim for compensation. It also resolves the problem of the carrier having to begin payment of benefits prior to the actual accrual of benefits in order to avoid being subject to a violation. It should be noted that this change does not affect the date the carrier must initiate payment of income benefits, if benefits begin to accrue. The carrier is still required to make initial payment within seven days of the accrual date (the eighth day of disability) if it does not deny the claim by the 15th day.

As a result of public comments, a change was made to the rule's text as it was proposed for subsection (a)(2), to clarify the timeframe for filing notices of denial. Without restriction, a carrier may file a notice of denial with the commission after the 15-day deadline up to and including the 60-day deadline. However, the amendment to §124.3(a)(2) makes it clear that if a carrier does not file a notice of denial with the commission during the 15-day period, the carrier is liable for all benefits that accrue up to the date that a notice of denial is filed with the commission. For medical benefits, this includes medical services provided up to the date of the denial. For example, if a carrier receives a bill from the health care provider after a denial is filed, if the dates of service were prior to the date of the denial, payment is required. For income and death benefits, it includes the benefits that have accrued and were payable prior to the date the notice of denial is filed.

Based on public comments, an additional change was made to §124.3 (a)(2)(B). Public comment indicated that the language could be construed as requiring the insurance carrier to pay for all medical services regardless of the relatedness to the injury or whether the treatment was reasonable and necessary for treatment of the injury. While the commission finds it inappropriate to define all treatments that fall into this area, it did add to the rule language indicating that the insurance carrier is liable for payment, in accordance with the Act and rules, affirming that the insurance carrier is to pay for all medical services provided prior to the filing of a denial pursuant to the Act and commission rules.

Another change was made to the rule as proposed with respect to §124.3(a)(4) and (a)(4)(B). The reference to income or death benefits has been replaced with the reference only to benefits. This change was made to comply with the language as proposed in HB2199, which makes reference only to benefits and does not specifically differentiate a type of benefit. Texas Labor Code §401.011 (5) defines "benefit" as a medical, income, or death or burial benefit.

Section 124.3 (a) (4) is added to set forth the specific administrative penalties outlined in Texas Labor Code §409.021(e). Prior to the statutory change, the commission had latitude to consider mitigating and aggravating factors when determining the amount of penalty assessed when a carrier failed to meet the pay or dispute deadlines established by §409.021(e). The statute and the rule now provide specific penalties that must be paid when such a violation occurs.

For processing efficiency under the rules, carriers are no longer permitted to file with the commission "cert 21s" (Form TWCC 21 Payment of Compensation or Notice of Refused or Disputed Claim), agreeing to pay benefits as they accrue and are due. This processing portion of the amended rule is consistent with §124.2(j), which prohibits carriers from filing a notice with the commission explaining that benefits will be paid as they accrue.

After consideration of public comment and a thorough review of the processing requirements, the commission has removed the provisions related to automatic payment of penalties and self-reporting for late initiation of benefit violations from the rule. Insurance carriers self-report late payment violations already through the electronic data interchange (EDI) process. Under §124.2, carriers are required to report when they begin payment of benefits. Based on the EDI data, the commission is able to ascertain whether payments have been issued timely or not. The commission requires carriers to report data accurately so the commission can reliably monitor timeliness of initial payments. In order to monitor a carrier's overall performance in timely initiating benefits, the commission will continue to conduct performance reviews in this area. The scope of these audits includes an analysis of the accuracy of the data reported by carriers; this helps to ensure the integrity of EDI data. In cases where system data inaccurately produces a violation finding of a late payment, a carrier could appeal the finding in accordance with Texas Labor Code §415.032. Some additional programming by the commission will assist the Division of Compliance and Practices (C&P) in quickly identifying late payments and the violation tier into which they fall. The commission will periodically send an invoice out to each carrier that indicates the amount of penalty due as well as the proper way to document and send the payment to the commission for processing.

This decision that the commission shall bill the carriers came from the anticipated cost to both insurance carriers and the commission associated with individual payments. There would be a considerable increased cost to carriers, as well as significant accounting problems for the commission, associated with having to process numerous individual payments. A periodic invoice will also allow better tracking by C&P for the purpose of audits. Changes from the proposed text include deleting subparagraphs (A) and (B); re-designating subparagraphs (C) and (D) as subparagraphs (A) and (B) respectively, and adding a new subparagraph (C) stating that the commission will periodically send invoices to insurance carriers for administrative penalties associated with late payment violations.

Instead of allowing the continued practice of considering mitigating and aggravating factors by the commission in determining how much carriers are penalized for violations, the legislature chose to set up mandatory, specific amounts for each late payment violation. The penalty amounts are set out in the Act and the rule in increasing amounts ($500, $1,500, $2,500, $5,000) for longer periods of noncompliance after the 15th day. The word, "working," has also been added to §124.3(a)(4)(C)(iv) to establish that the $5,000 administrative penalty is to be assessed for violations occurring more than 30 "working" days after the 15th day. That is to make it clear that there is no overlap between the $2,500 and $5,000 violation periods; the $2,500 and $5,000 violations do not combine for a total of $7,500; and the $5,000 violation period does not begin before the $2,500 violation period ends. Although the term, "working," is absent from the statutory language referring to the $5,000 violation period, including it in the rule will harmonize what might otherwise be construed as irreconcilable language, so as to give effect to all portions of the statutory amendment. Section 124.3(a)(4)(D), as amended, provides that the violations are not cumulative and a violation occurs only for the initial late payment of benefits.

A new subsection (b) is added. Carriers have 60 days to file a notice of denial of a claim with the commission. If a carrier does not file a denial within that 60-day period, it waives its right to contest compensability of the claim, except as specified in subsection (c).

Subsection (c) explains the provisions for reopening the issue of compensability after the 60th day. This language, presently found in §124.3(a)(3) of the current rule, is re-designated as subsection (c). There are very limited exceptions that the carrier must affirmatively prove in order to re-open the issue of compensability after the 60th day. Also, the carrier is required to pay benefits, if it fails to dispute a claim before the 60th day, until the commission makes a determination that the carrier could re-open the issue and the claim is determined to not be compensable. The language of (c)(2) was amended from the text as proposed to clarify that the carrier shall pay benefits until a commission decision and order is rendered on the issue and not until a final, non-appealable decision has been reached.

Subsections (b) and (c) of the current rule are re-designated as subsections (d) and (e) respectively, as a result of the new subsection (b) and the re-designation of §124.3(a)(3) as subsection (c).

Subsection (f) is added to the rule as proposed, to specify that the 15-day time frame provided for in subsection (a) and the administrative penalty provisions of subsection (a)(4) apply only to claims for benefits based on compensable injuries occurring on or after September 1, 2003. Subsection provides, further, that the applicable time frame is seven days and the administrative penalty provisions of subsection (a)(4) are inapplicable for claims based on compensable injuries occurring prior to September 1, 2003. The administrative penalty provisions found elsewhere in the commission's rules and in provisions of the Act other than §409.021 will continue to apply to claims based on compensable injuries occurring before September 1, 2003.

The following groups or associations submitted comments recommending delaying adoption at this time: Insurance Council of Texas; the law firm of Burns, Anderson, Jury & Brenner; and Liberty Mutual Group.

The following groups or association submitted comments making recommendations, and/or supporting portions and opposing portions of §124.3: Texas Dept. of Transportation; American Ins. Association; Alliance of American Insurers; Texas Assn. Of School Boards Risk Management Fund; Harris & Harris Law Firm; Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co.; Attorney Daniel Morris; Texas Association of Business; Texas Mutual Insurance Company; and the law firm of Flahive, Ogden & Latson.

Summaries of the comments and commission responses are as follows:

Comment: Commenters assert that the rule does not make it clear that a carrier is not liable for benefits that have accrued up to the date the carrier files its contest of compensability if its contest of compensability is filed with the commission on or before the 15th day after it received written notice of the claim. One commenter suggested changing the rule to, "If the carrier files a notice of denial by the 15th day after receipt of the written notice of injury, the carrier is not obligated to initiate benefits in accordance with this title."

Response: The commission disagrees. A carrier is only liable for benefits that have accrued when it contests compensability more than 15 days after it receives written notice of the claim. The suggested change is just another way of stating what was proposed, but it could be argued that it relieves carriers from initiating benefits at any time thereafter as well.

Comment: Commenters state there is no statutory authority for the current rule that a carrier that fails to deny within 15 days is liable for any benefits that accrue. Further, commenter asserts a carrier is liable for benefits only for compensable injuries; therefore, the commission does not have the authority to require payment of benefits until there is a confirmed compensable injury.

Response: The commission disagrees. Under the rule, such claims are considered compensable until denied by the carrier and adjudicated otherwise. A carrier is obligated during the 15-day period after receiving written notice of the claimed injury to investigate the claim and begin payment of benefits or deny. If a carrier does not deny a claim within the 15 day period, that carrier is liable for all accrued benefits, as specifically stated in subsection (a)(2)(A) and (B) and by statute. In the 78th legislative session, 2003, the legislature made several substantive changes to section 409.021 to ameliorate unreasonable requirements imposed on carriers. They made no change with respect to a carrier's requirement to contest compensability or begin payment of benefits; they only changed the time period from seven to fifteen days. No change was made with respect to carrier liability for benefits if the claim is not contested in the 15-day period. Therefore, the rule, as it relates to carrier liability for accrued benefits, is not being amended.

Comment: Commenter suggests adding a statement in the preamble "to indicate medical benefits have always been included respective to the rule."

Response: The commission agrees that because the statute and the rule address "benefits," it necessarily includes medical benefits in accordance with §401.011(5). Therefore, the commission does not agree that there is a need for additional language to that effect in this adoption preamble, other than to acknowledge and affirm the comment here.

Comment: A Commenter suggests two changes. First, he points out that the wording of §124.3(a)(3) would end the denial period before the 60th day. Commenter suggests changing "but before the 60th day" to "but on or before the 60th day". The commenter further indicates that the last phrase in §124.3(a)(2) is unnecessary because the subsections clarify what should be paid. Commenter suggests changing the language to "the carrier is liable for and shall pay all benefits due after receipt of written notice of an injury."

Response: The Commission agrees with the concept, but has changed the subsection using different language than that suggested in order to address concerns related to other problems associated with the suggested language. The text is amended to read as follows:

(1) If the carrier files a notice of denial after the 15th day but on or before the 60th day after receipt of written notice of the injury:

(A) The insurance carrier is liable for and shall pay all income benefits that had accrued and were payable prior to the date the carrier filed the notice of denial and only then is it permitted to suspend payment of benefits; and

(B) The insurance carrier is liable for and shall pay for all medical services, in accordance with the Act and rules, provided prior to the filing of the notice of denial.

Comment: Commenters asserted that if a carrier chooses to delay filing a contest of compensability up until the 60th day, it should not be liable for benefits that have accrued after the 15th day through the day it files its contest of compensability with the commission. Commenters suggest that requiring the payment of accrued benefits constitutes an additional penalty not authorized by the Act.

Response: The commission disagrees. The requirement to properly pay benefits as they accrue is a long-standing principle under the provisions of Texas Labor Code §409.021 and §408.081. The legislature's intent regarding this requirement was not part of the changes made to the Act in the 2003 legislative session. Based on these provisions in the Act and §124.3, carriers have been liable for benefits if they did not contest compensability or begin payment of benefits within seven days within receiving notice of the injury. Under amended rule 124.3, the timeframe is being changed from seven days to 15 days in accordance with HB 2199. Payment of accrued benefits under the rule is not an administrative penalty or sanction; it is statutory carrier liability that continues to remain in effect subject to dispute by the carrier by filing a contest of compensability with the commission.

Comment: Commenters disagree with language of §124.3(a)(3) stating that a failure to file a notice of denial by the 15th day after receipt of written notice constitutes acceptance of the claim. Commenters argue that payment of accrued benefits does not imply a waiver of the right to later deny that claim. Commenters assert that a carrier does not waive its right to contest compensability until the 60th day after the carrier receives notice of the injury, and to state otherwise is contrary to the legislative intent of HB 2199.

Response: The Commission agrees that a carrier has 60 days from receipt of written notice of injury to contest compensability of the claim. As the commenters assert, acceptance of the claim as compensable does not prevent a carrier from later contesting compensability within that 60 day period. Therefore, language is added to §124.3(a)(3) to clarify that the carrier's acceptance of the claim as compensable is nevertheless subject to the carrier's ability to contest compensability on or before the 60th day after receipt of written notice of the injury.

The language to which commenters object is included in the rule to address the new statutory provision of Texas Labor Code §409.021(a-2), which provides that a carrier is not required to comply with the 15-day "pay or dispute" requirements of §409.021(a) "if the carrier has accepted the claim as a compensable injury and income or death benefits have not yet accrued but will be paid by the insurance carrier when the benefits accrue and are due" (emphasis added).

Comment: Commenters have stated that liability for medical benefits should be limited to care that is related to the compensable injury and care that is reasonable and necessary. They recommend that such language be added to the rule.

Response: The commission agrees in part. While the Commission agrees with the principle stated by the commenter, it does not agree with adding the suggested language. Insurance carrier liability for medical benefits under this section is the same as it would be for any compensable injury. Therefore, insurance carrier liability would necessarily be limited to medical care that is related to the injury and medical care that is reasonable and necessary. It would be inappropriate to attempt in this section to summarize the limits of insurance carrier liability for medical benefits that are covered throughout the Act and rules.

Comment: Several commenters assert that failure to begin to pay benefits or contest compensability in the 15-day period does not constitute acceptance of the claim by the carrier as compensable as is provided in the rule. Other commenters specifically questioned situations when a carrier chooses not to deny a claim within 15 days but no benefits are accruing.

Response: The commission disagrees. Under the rule, such claims are compensable until denied by the insurance carrier and adjudicated otherwise. An insurance carrier is obligated within 15 days of receiving written notice of the claimed injury to investigate. If an insurance carrier does not deny a claim within the 15 day period, that insurance carrier is liable for all benefits as specifically stated in subsection (a)(2)(A) and (B) and the statute. In changing the statute, the 2003 legislature specifically provided that in those instances where the carrier does not within the 15 day period contest compensability of the claim or begin payment of benefits because no benefits are due, a carrier is not subject to a violation if it agrees the claim is compensable and will pay benefits as they accrue and are due. No commenter gave a reason why a carrier should accept a claim as compensable if no benefits are accruing, while in all other claims they must accept only liability.

Comment: Several commenters stated that it appears the rule's requirements would result in an automatic violation even if the carrier has accepted the claim but no benefits were accruing and payable. They assert the a carrier should not be subject to a violation when it does not deny a claim by the 15th day after receipt of written notice of an injury, but no benefits are accruing because the employee has not lost time from work or sought medical treatment.

Response: The Commission disagrees in part. The commission disagrees that clarification is required because that is what is provided in subsection (a)(4). For carriers who have accepted the claim as compensable and will pay future benefits if they accrue and are due, the commission agrees that a Carrier does not commit a violation. A violation occurs in this situation only if benefits later accrue and are not paid when due if no dispute has been filed. This subsection of the rule is based on subsection (a-2) of §409.021.

Comment: A commenter requests clarification regarding liability when an employee does not immediately notify the carrier or employer of an injury. An example is given of a worker that is hospitalized after a heart attack. Twenty-eight days later, he notifies the employer that this was an on-the-job injury. The carrier denies the claim the day after it receives written notice. The commenter suggests that the rule and preamble indicate the carrier must pay 4 weeks of TIBs and all the hospital bills even though the employer and carrier acted promptly and even though this may not be a compensable claim. This situation will result in all cases in which the claimant reports a claim more than 8 days after the date of injury, driving an increased cost burden for carriers that have not been dilatory in their responsibilities.

Response: The commission disagrees. The carrier has up to 15 days after its receipt of written notice of injury to either pay or dispute the claim. In this example, the carrier did not receive written notice until 28 days after the date of injury but contested compensability the day after it received written notice of the claim. As a result, Carrier contested compensability within the 15 days as required by subsection (a). The carrier is not liable for any benefits unless it is later determined by agreement of the parties or in the dispute resolution process that the claim is compensable.

Comment: Commenters suggest there should be a violation exception when a carrier is unaware there has been lost time from work and benefits have accrued and are payable.

Response: The Commission disagrees. It is the carrier's responsibility to monitor claims for disability. The preamble to rule 124.7 clarified that "the carrier must monitor claims and pay benefits when it finds benefits are due rather than when an outside source provides notice that benefits are probably due." Because audits indicate this is a rare occurrence and, an exception would be inconsistent with §124.7, the requested change would be inappropriate.

Comment: Commenters points out that there are numerous reasons why a claimant may not be due temporary income benefits. Commenter asserts that the rule could be read in such a way that the notification of refusal to pay benefits for these reasons might constitute a waiver of the right to subsequently dispute compensability. A commenter suggested language to be inserted in the rule.

Response: The commission disagrees in part. It is provided in §124.2 (h) of commission rules, that carriers, in appropriate cases , may dispute benefit entitlement, i.e. disability and entitlement to temporary income benefits. A dispute of benefit entitlement is not a dispute of compensability/liability. In filing a dispute of benefit entitlement, the insurance carrier retains the right to contest compensability and liability of the claim within the 60-day period after receiving written notice. Because this is provided for by statute and rule, there is no need to add the suggested language to this rule. However, it should be noted that §409.021, §409.022, §124.2 and §124.3 do not provide a carrier opportunity to dispute disability simply to avoid payment of accruing income benefits while it continues its compensability investigation after the initial 15-day period.

Comment: Commenters object to the provision that carriers are to self-report violations. Several reasons were given. First, it would result in inconsistent enforcement. Second, it would create a great burden on carriers. Third, carriers are being treated differently than all other system participants because they are the only ones who are required to self-report. One commenter suggested making self-reporting voluntary.

Response: The commission agrees in part. Carriers already self-report late initial payments through the EDI process. Assuming carriers provide accurate information, the commission's monitoring program will identify each late payment. This will also give C&P an additional focus when performing audits to ensure accurate information is being provided through EDI. In addition, C&P will continue to review violation referrals for alleged non-compliance with the statute and rules.

After further consideration, the requirement for automatic payment of penalties as and when they occur was deleted. The commission will provide a periodic invoice with instructions for proper documentation and submission of payments. With a commission process for sending invoices there is no greater burden for either the carrier or the commission in documenting or processing the violations or payments.

Comment: Commenters asked what Compliance & Practices' role would be if carriers must self-report violations.

Response: Compliance & Practices' role is to monitor carrier performance for the timely initiation of accrued benefits or denial of claims. The Division accomplishes this through ongoing review of electronic data interchange (EDI) information that carriers are required to report to the commission. In addition, the Division reviews violation referrals for alleged non-compliance with the statue and rules.

Comment: Several commenters have indicated that the rule would require a second level of administrative penalties to address violations by carriers that fail to comply with the 15-day pay or dispute requirement and also fail to pay the penalty without notice from the Commission.

Response: The Commission agrees. However, the proposed 'automatic payment of violation penalties' aspect has been deleted from the adopted rule.

Comment: A commenter states that requiring self-reporting of violations for failing to begin benefit payments to employees is inadequate protection for employees to insure benefits are paid promptly. As a further protection, carriers should not be allowed to deny compensability of the claim or entitlement to benefits until it pays and certifies it has paid all benefits due at the time of filling a denial with the commission.

Response: The commission disagrees. Prompt payment of benefits to injured employees is safeguarded by the statutory mandate in HB 2199 to timely initiate any accrued benefits. Failure to do so subjects the carriers to prescribed penalties stated in the statute. The enforceability of amended rule 124.3 should be sufficient to ensure that carriers pay all benefits owed to an employee, without necessitating the carrier's certification that benefits have been paid. Further, the clear thrust of the statutory provision is that carriers will have 60 days to contest compensability without restrictions.

Comment: Commenters suggest two changes to §124.3(c). First, a commenter points out there should be a colon rather than semicolon at the end of the last line of §124.3(c) prior to paragraph (1); and that there should be a semicolon after the text of subsection (c)(1) rather than a period as well as the word "and". Second, a commenter points out the proposed rule requires payment of benefits to continue to be made until all final appeals are made. Commenter states this will guarantee that overpayments are made. Also, this change violates §410.168 that provides that a hearing officer's order is binding during an appeal. The commenter states the amendment should be withdrawn and the current rule allowing a carrier to suspend benefits after a hearing officer's ruling to stand should be retained.

Response: The commission agrees. §124.3(c) is changed to read as follows:

(c) If the carrier wants to deny compensability of or liability for the injury after the 60th day after it received written notice of the injury:

(1) the carrier must establish that it is basing its denial on evidence that could not have reasonably been discovered earlier; and

(2) the carrier is liable for and shall pay all benefits that were payable prior to and after filing the notice of denial until the Commission has made a finding that the evidence could not have been reasonably discovered earlier.

Comment: A commenter recommends adding a new paragraph (3) to 124.3(c) stating, "In no instance shall the 60 day limit apply to bar dispute of a claim based on false or misleading information regardless of the date of discovery."

Response: The Commission disagrees. There are two different provisions that already cover the circumstances inferred by the commenter. First, under §409.021(d) and Rule 124.3(c) if a carrier establishes that there is newly discovered evidence that could not have reasonably been discovered earlier, a carrier may re-open the issue of compensability after 60 days. Second, under §415.008, a person commits a violation if that person obtains benefits by knowingly making false or misleading statements or misrepresents or conceals material facts. Texas Labor Code §415.008(e) prohibits the commission from taking final action on benefits if such an administrative proceeding is pending.

The amended rule is adopted under the Texas Labor Code §402.061, which authorizes the commission to adopt rules as necessary for the implementation and enforcement of the Texas Workers' Compensation Act, Texas Labor Code §401.001 et seq.; Texas Labor Code §401.011, which provides definitions used in the Texas Workers' Compensation Act; Texas Labor Code §402.042, which authorizes the Executive Directors to enter orders as authorized by the statute as well as to prescribe the form, manner, and procedure for transmission of information to the Commission; Texas Labor Code §406.010, which authorizes the Commission to adopt rules regarding claims service; Texas Labor Code §408.003, which allows an employer to initiate benefits or to pay salary continuation; Texas Labor Code §408.021, which describes an injured worker's entitlement to medical benefits; Texas Labor Code §408.081, which provides for proper payment of income benefits; Texas Labor Code §408.082, related to the accrual of the right to income benefits; Texas Labor Code, §409.021, relating to an insurer's right to contest the compensability of an injury in a workers' compensation case; Texas Labor Code, §409.022, which requires the insurance carrier's notice of refusal to specify the grounds for the refusal, and specifies that the grounds for the refusal specified in the notice are the only basis for the insurance carrier's defense on the issue of compensability, unless the defense is based on newly discovered evidence that could not reasonable have been discovered at an earlier date; Texas Labor Code, §409.024, which requires the insurance carrier to file with the Commission a notice of termination or reduction of benefits, including the reason for the termination or reduction, not later than the tenth day after the date on which benefits are terminated or reduced; and Texas Labor Code, §415.002, which set forth certain administrative violations of an insurance carrier.

§124.3.Investigation of an Injury and Notice of Denial/Dispute.

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, upon receipt of written notice of injury as provided in §124.1 of this title (relating to Notice of Injury) the carrier shall conduct an investigation relating to the compensability of the injury, the carrier's liability for the injury, and the accrual of benefits. If the carrier believes that it is not liable for the injury or that the injury was not compensable, the carrier shall file the notice of denial of a claim (notice of denial) in the form and manner required by §124.2 of this title (relating to Carrier Reporting and Notification Requirements).

(1) If the carrier does not file a notice of denial by the 15th day after receipt of the written notice of injury, the carrier is liable for any benefits that accrue and shall initiate benefits in accordance with this section.

(2) If the carrier files a notice of denial after the 15th day but on or before the 60th day after receipt of written notice of the injury:

(A) The insurance carrier is liable for and shall pay all income benefits that had accrued and were payable prior to the date the carrier filed the notice of denial and only then is it permitted to suspend payment of benefits; and

(B) The insurance carrier is liable for and shall pay for all medical services, in accordance with the Act and rules, provided prior to the filing of the notice of denial.

(3) The carrier shall not file notice with the commission that benefits will be paid as and when they accrue. A carrier's failure to file a notice of denial of a claim by the 15th day after it receives written notice of an injury constitutes the carrier's acceptance of the claim as a compensable injury, subject to the carrier's ability to contest compensability on or before the 60th day after receipt of written notice of the injury.

(4) The carrier commits a violation if, not later than the 15th day after it receives written notice of the injury, it does not begin to pay benefits as required or file a notice of denial of the compensability of a claim in the form and manner required by §124.2.

(A) An administrative penalty under this subsection shall be assessed at:

(i) $500 if the carrier initiates compensation or files a notice of refusal within five working days of the date required by subsection (a);

(ii) $1,500 if the carrier initiates compensation or files a notice of refusal more than five and less than 16 working days of the date required by subsection (a);

(iii) $2,500 if the carrier initiates compensation or files a notice of refusal more than 15 and less than 31 working days of the date required by subsection (a); or

(iv) $5,000 if the carrier initiates compensation or files a notice of refusal more than 30 working days after the date required by subsection (a).

(B) The administrative penalties provided for in this subsection are not cumulative and a violation occurs only with respect to the initial late payment of benefits.

(C) The commission will send periodic notifications to all carriers regarding the amount of penalties owed and the proper way to submit and document the payments.

(b) Except as provided by subsection (c), the carrier waives the right to contest compensability of or liability for the injury, if it does not contest compensability on or before the 60th day after the date on which the insurance carrier receives written notice of the injury.

(c) If the carrier wants to deny compensability of or liability for the injury after the 60th day after it received written notice of the injury:

(1) the carrier must establish that it is basing its denial on evidence that could not have reasonably been discovered earlier; and

(2) the carrier is liable for and shall pay all benefits that were payable prior to and after filing the notice of denial until the Commission has made a finding that the evidence could not have been reasonably discovered earlier.

(d) If the claim involves the death of an injured employee, investigations, denials of compensability or liability, and disputes of the eligibility of a potential beneficiary to receive death benefits are governed by §132.17 of this title (relating to Denial, Dispute, and Payment of Death Benefits).

(e) Texas Labor Code, §409.021 and subsection (a) of this section do not apply to disputes of extent of injury. If a carrier receives a medical bill that involves treatment(s) or service(s) that the carrier believes is not related to the compensable injury, the carrier shall file a notice of dispute of extent of injury (notice of dispute). The notice of dispute shall be filed in accordance with §124.2 of this title (relating to Carrier Reporting and Notification Requirements) and be filed not later than the earlier of:

(1) the date the carrier denied the medical bill; or

(2) the due date for the carrier to pay or deny the medical bill as provided in Chapter 133 of this title (relating to General Medical Provisions).

(f) The 15-day time frame provided for in subsection (a) and the administrative penalty provisions of subsection (a)(4) apply to a claim for benefits based on a compensable injury occurring on or after September 1, 2003. For claims based on a compensable injury occurring prior to September 1, 2003, the applicable time frame is seven days and the administrative penalty provisions of subsection (a)(4) are inapplicable.

This agency hereby certifies that the adoption has been reviewed by legal counsel and found to be a valid exercise of the agency's legal authority.

Filed with the Office of the Secretary of State on February 23, 2004.

TRD-200401261

Susan Cory

General Counsel

Texas Workers' Compensation Commission

Effective date: March 14, 2004

Proposal publication date: September 5, 2003

For further information, please call: (512) 804-4287


Chapter 130. IMPAIRMENT AND SUPPLEMENTAL INCOME BENEFITS

The Texas Workers' Compensation Commission (the commission) adopts amendments to §§130.1, 130.5, 130.6 and 130.110, and new §130.12, with changes to the proposed text published in the September 5, 2003, issue of the Texas Register (28 TexReg 7604).

As required by the Government Code §2001.033(1), the commission's reasoned justification for this rule is set out in this order, which includes the preamble, which in turn includes the rule. This preamble contains a summary of the factual basis of the rule, a summary of comments received from interested parties, names of those groups and associations who commented and whether they were for or against adoption of the rule, and the reasons why the commission disagrees with some of the comments and proposals.

Changes made to the proposed rules are in response to public comment received in writing and at a public hearing held on October 15, 2003, and are described in the summary of comments and responses section of this preamble. Other changes were made for consistency with the Texas Workers' Compensation and other commission rules, or to correct typographical or grammatical errors.

Changes in the text as proposed include §§130.5(d)(3)(B) and (D), 130.6(c)(1)(A)(ii), 130.110(h), 130.110(i), 130.12(a), 130.12(b), 130.12(c), and 130.12(d).

Adopted §130.1 Certification of Maximum Medical Improvement and Evaluation of Permanent Impairment

The new language in §130.1(c)(3) states that an IR assessment for an injured employee must be based on the injured employee's condition as of the MMI date. This change clarifies that IR assessments must be based on the injured employee's condition as of the date of MMI and shall not be based on changes in the injured employee's condition occurring after that date, such as when the injured employee's condition changes as a result of surgery that takes place after the date of MMI. This may not be interpreted to mean the changes in the injured employee's condition after a certified MMI date may not result in a revision of the MMI date. In the event the MMI date is changed, the IR would have to be based on the injured employee's condition as of the changed MMI date. A change in the MMI date may also result in a change in the IR when the injured employee's conditions are different as of the new MMI date.

Adopted §130.5. Entitlement and Procedure for Requesting Designated Doctor Examinations Related to Maximum Medical Improvement and Impairment Rating

New language in §130.5(d)(3)(B) clarifies that a videotape of an injured employee's activities may be included as part of the records forwarded to the designated doctor by the treating doctor or by the insurance carrier. This language is intended to address confusion about whether a videotape is considered part of the "analysis" that can be forwarded to the designated doctor. Section 130.110 of this title (relating to Return to Work Disputes During Supplemental Income Benefits; Designated Doctor) currently allows videotapes to be used as part of the supplemental income benefits (SIBs) designated doctor exam process. It is anticipated that this new language will result in greater consistency between the two rules, thereby resolving this issue as it relates to MMI and IR examinations. The text has been changed from what was proposed to also clarify that while the original unmarked medical record must be sent, the analysis may also contain copies of medical documents with markings to emphasize any point the insurance carrier or treating doctor wishes to bring to the designated doctor's attention.

Language added to subsection (d)(3)(B) requires copies of analyses to be sent to the injured employee and injured employee's representative (if any). The rule currently requires the treating doctor and the insurance carrier to exchange copies of analyses sent to the designated doctor; however, the rule does not currently provide for the injured employee and injured employee's representative (if any) to receive the information. The analysis sent to the designated doctor (DD) by the treating doctor and the insurance carrier is necessary for an adequate assessment regarding a potential dispute of the DD's certification of MMI and/or assignment of an IR.

Earlier amendments to §130.5 added provisions intended to ensure that the designated doctor had received the medical records prior to the examination. Specifically, the rule was changed to require a designated doctor to contact the commission if the doctor has not received the insurance carrier's or treating doctor's records three working days prior to the examination. Despite this change, anecdotal information indicates that designated doctors continue to not receive the records before the examination. Many doctors do not notify the commission when records are late or missing, as required by the current rule; therefore, the commission is unable to estimate how widespread this problem is due to lack of violation referrals. The commission believes the records are important for a quality examination, and that performing the exam prior to reviewing the records could negatively impact the quality of the exam. These records may be critical to both the determination of MMI and the assignment of an impairment rating (especially with the diagnosis related estimate (DRE) model that is often used in the 4th Edition of the AMA Guides). Further, if the doctor does not have the records, the doctor may be more likely to evaluate additional body systems that are not related to the compensable injury, thus increasing costs for an MMI evaluation and leading to unnecessary dispute resolution.

Given that the receipt of records by designated doctors continues to be a problem, the commission moved some language currently contained in subsection (d)(3)(C) to new subsection (d)(3)(D) for clarity. For purposes of reporting this type of violation, the commission recommends that the designated doctor report the violation to the commission's Compliance and Practices division in writing or via telephone. Further documentation to support the allegations may be required. It is anticipated that in the future, system participants will file violation referrals via the commission website. When this capability is available, it will be the preferred method of filing violation referrals.

Subsection (d)(3)(D) allows the designated doctor to elect to reschedule the examination if the medical records or any part thereof have not been received at least three working days prior to the examination. It is the responsibility of the designated doctor to decide whether or not sufficient records have been received to conduct a quality examination. If the designated doctor elects to reschedule the examination, it is the responsibility of the doctor to reschedule the examination to occur within fourteen days of the originally scheduled examination. Within 24 hours of rescheduling, the doctor shall contact the insurance carrier and the commission field office with the date and time of the rescheduled examination. While the medical records are important for a quality examination, the designated doctor examination should not be postponed multiple times due to a party's failure to comply with timeframes. This could result in delayed benefits to the injured employee or overpayments of benefits by the insurance carrier. Therefore, the commission proposes allowing only one rescheduling of the examination due to insufficient records. This is reflected in the new language requiring the designated doctor to conduct the re-scheduled exam, even if the complete medical record has not been received as of that date.

Added is a new paragraph (d)(5) to clarify that contact with the designated doctor's non-medical office staff is permitted for the purposes of inquiring about administrative matters, but that discussion regarding the injured employee's condition, MMI status, impairment rating, return to work abilities, or similar issues is prohibited. Given that insurance carriers are to suspend temporary income benefits should an injured employee fail to attend a designated doctor examination if certain conditions exist, insurance carriers need the ability to contact the doctor's office staff to verify that the examination took place. In addition, the parties may not have received a copy of the Report of Medical Evaluation (TWCC-69) and/or narrative and it would be appropriate for them to contact the doctor's staff for that purpose.

The commission deleted the word, "request," from subsection (e) to clarify that a designated doctor examination cannot occur more frequently than every 60 days unless good cause for more frequent examinations exists, as provided by §408.0041 of the Texas Labor Code. Additionally, the commission deleted the word, "appointment," and replaced it with the word, "examination," for consistency in terminology.

The commission added the language, "requires clarification concerning," to subsection (f), replacing "wishes to dispute." Also in subsection (f), the commission changed the requirement for a party to file "a dispute" to a requirement that a party file a "request for clarification." These terms are the more appropriate terms for this subsection because a dispute does not have to be filed with the commission for the items in paragraphs (1) and (2) to occur. The commission also added language to subsection (f)(1) to clarify the name of the rule that is being referenced. Finally, the commission added language to subsection (f)(3) to clarify that the filing of a request for a benefit review conference initiates the dispute resolution process with respect to issues of MMI and IR after a designated doctor has made MMI/IR certification.

Adopted §130.6. Designated Doctor Examinations for Maximum Medical Improvement and/or Impairment Ratings

The commission amended subsection (b) by extending the amount of time a designated doctor has to reschedule an examination from seven days to fourteen days when there is a scheduling conflict between the designated doctor and the injured employee. Doctors often have difficulty meeting the seven-day timeframe to reschedule exams due to booked appointments or other conflicts. Recognizing the difficulty of rescheduling an examination to occur within a seven-day period, the commission has changed the timeframe to fourteen days to assist in accommodating the designated doctors' needs. Although this proposal would add seven days to the period allowed for rescheduling a designated doctor exam, it is less time than that required for the commission to select another doctor to conduct the exam when a scheduling conflict arises under the current rule.

The amendment to subsection (b) necessitated the same change from seven days to fourteen days for §130.6(c)(1)(A)(ii). Therefore, §130.6(c)(1)(A)(ii) was amended in the rule as adopted to change seven days to fourteen days.

The commission amended subsection (g) to extend the amount of time a designated doctor has to complete additional testing from seven calendar days to seven working days. Sometimes, particularly in rural areas, the designated doctor is either unable to arrange for the testing or unable to receive the results within a reasonable period of time. Additional testing described in this subsection does not include standard range of motion and strength training and is therefore expected to be infrequent.

Subsection (h) currently references §130.1 of this title (relating to Certification of Maximum Medical Improvement and Evaluation of Permanent Impairment) as the rule in accordance with which designated doctors are required to file their reports. However, designated doctors are also required to file reports in accordance with §130.3 of this title (relating to Certification of Maximum Medical Improvement and Evaluation of Permanent Impairment by a Doctor Other Than the Treating Doctor), which requires filing a copy of the report with the treating doctor. Therefore, a reference to §130.3 is added to subsection (h).

The commission amended subsection (i) by re-organizing existing language into new subsection (i)(1) and (i)(2) and by adding language to clarify, in subsection (i)(1), that the designated doctor is required to make him/herself available to conduct a re-examination even though this may require the designated doctor to travel back to the location of the original examination.

The commission adds language to §130.6 (j) that sets forth the records that a designated doctor is required to keep after an examination. With the changes to the statute that have resulted in more designated doctor examinations being held per claim, it is likely that a designated doctor will see the same claimant more than once. As such, to save time and money for treating doctors and insurance carriers submitting records to the doctor for review, the proposed amendment requires designated doctors to keep the records used in the examination. An additional benefit of this proposed change will be to facilitate the commission's review of the quality of doctors' evaluations. Doctors' retention periods for medical records is governed by their licensing boards.

Adopted new §130.12. Finality of the First Certification of Maximum Medical Improvement (MMI) and/or First Assignment of Impairment Rating (IR)

The commission adds a new section, §130.12, to address recent statutory changes brought about by the 78th Legislature, 2003, to address the finality of certain MMI/IR certifications. These changes were the result of three similar bills. June 18, 2003 was the earliest effective date for the applicable statutory changes and it is the effective date for this rule. In 1991, provisions were added to §130.5(e) for finality of assignment of an IR if not disputed within 90 days of the certification. These provisions were amended in March 2000 to allow for exceptions to the 90-day deadline. However, the court decision in Fulton v. Associated Indemnity Corporation , 46 S.W. 3d 364 (Tex. App. -- Austin 2001, pet. denied), overturned this provision citing that the 90-day limit was at odds with the 104-week period provided under the Act for an injured employee's medical condition to stabilize. The 78th Legislature, 2003, amended the Act to allow for an earlier finality, which is consistent with existing statutory provisions that provide that MMI should be certified when further material recovery is no longer anticipated.

The commission has re-arranged the adopted text in §130.12 (a) and (b) from the proposed text. Subsection (a) now addresses only the types of MMI/IR that may become final. The text that addressed aspects of the dispute process was moved to subsection (b). The text was re-arranged to give a more logical progression of ideas by grouping all aspects of dispute into the same subsection, rather than providing guidance in both subsections. Another change from the text of the rule as proposed is the addition of language to §130.12(a)(1) and (3) to clarify that the certifications and assignments that may become final include determinations of no impairment.

The amended §408.123 provides three circumstances when an MMI/IR certification may become final. The provisions in §130.12(a) regarding the initial certifications, both pre- and post-104 weeks, and MMI date extension for spinal surgery under §408.104 are self-explanatory. There can be only one first certification and assignment; however, unlike in the former Rule 130.5(e), there is now a provision for finality of a subsequent MMI certification and/or IR assignment if the first is overturned by a final decision (a decision that may no longer be appealed) of the Commission or a court. If there is another valid rating in evidence when the dispute is adjudicated at the contested case hearing level, then §408.125(c) would apply and in most cases the commission will be able to resolve the MMI/IR dispute by adopting a valid rating provided by another authorized certifying doctor as provided by 130.1(a) (1) (A). There may, however, be instances in which the dispute is not resolved, even though the first MMI/IR has been overturned, modified, or withdrawn. To address these instances, the text of what is now subsection (a)(3) has been revised from the text as proposed. Further rationale for allowing the commission to adopt another rating lies with the concept of presumptive weight of the designated doctor. Also, with the passage of House Bill 2600 by the 77th Legislative session, 2000, a change was made to mandate a designated doctor evaluation be held prior to the use of a Required Medical Exam for an MMI certification to reduce the number of doctor appointments that the injured employee potentially had to attend thus avoiding an undue burden on the injured employee and the employer, if the injured employee had returned to work. It should also save insurance carriers the cost of unnecessary added examinations.

130.12(b)(5) was moved to (a)(4) for continuity and the language was amended from the proposal to provide additional clarification of this infrequent situation of multiple certifications. A designated doctor's MMI/IR certification with multiple IRs may become final if it is the first certification and is not disputed within the 90-day period. As with all other first certifications, the 90-day period begins the day after the written notice is delivered to the party wishing to dispute a MMI/IR certification. A party that wishes to dispute the certification or any of the ratings should not wait until after the extent of injury dispute is resolved as this resolution may occur after the 90-day period expires and the certification may have already become final. If not disputed, the MMI/IR question is "resolved" when there is an agreement or final decision of the injured employee's extent of injury consistent with the injuries noted for one of the assigned IRs. Participants need to understand that disputing the extent of injury does not constitute a dispute of the impairment ratings or the certification. The parties need to review the certifications and multiple ratings upon receipt to ensure that the MMI/IR provided for the various interpretations of the injury are correct. If the final decision regarding the extent of the injured employee's injuries is not consistent with the injuries of one of the assigned IRs, the designated doctor's MMI/IR certification with multiple impairments cannot become final.

Section 130.12(b) provides a 90-day time period within which to dispute a certification of MMI, in accordance with amended §408.123 of the Texas Labor Code. This 90-day period will apply separately to the insurance carrier and the injured employee. The period for each party begins when that party receives verifiable written notice of the MMI/IR certification. The verifiable written notice need not come from the commission. Regardless of the source, written notice must include a copy of a valid TWCC 69 form as described in subsection (c).

Written notice is verifiable when it is provided from any source in a manner that reasonably confirms delivery to the party. This may include acknowledged receipt by the injured employee or insurance carrier, a statement of personal delivery, confirmed delivery by email, confirmed delivery by facsimile, or some other confirmed delivery to the home or business address. The goal of this requirement is not to regulate how a system participant makes delivery of a report or other information to another system participant, but to ensure that the system participant filing the report or providing the information has verifiable proof that it was delivered. Rather than specifying methods for a system participant to ensure verifiability, however, the commission recognizes that this should be an individual or business decision. Therefore, the rule leaves to each system participant the decision of what means of delivery and level of expense it will incur to ensure that delivery of documentation is verifiable. Also a party may not prevent verifiable delivery. For example, a party who refuses to take personal delivery or certified mail has still been given verifiable written notice. If requested, the injured employee or insurance carrier should promptly acknowledge receipt or non-receipt of written notice to the other.

The language now in subsection (b) of the adopted rule has been revised from the rule as proposed to distinguish between notice being "provided" from notice being "received."

There is no requirement under the Act that the injured employee be advised of the potential that a first MMI/IR certification will become final if not disputed. However, because of the significance of finality of MMI/IR, the Commission intends to include this information in a "Plain Language Notice" currently being developed.

In order to avoid past problems associated with allowing various methods to communicate a dispute, the commission is requiring that a dispute of an MMI/IR certification shall only be made by the insurance carrier, the injured employee, or the injured employee's attorney or §150.3(a) representative. A dispute must be filed with the commission under §141.1 of this title (related to Requesting and Setting a Benefit Review Conference) or by a request for a designated doctor, if one has not been appointed. An unrepresented injured employee may contact the commission in any manner to indicate an MMI/IR dispute is being raised. However, it will be the responsibility of an unrepresented injured employee providing oral notice of a dispute to affirmatively prove that communication with the commission took place and is noted in commission records. It is required that all disputes be filed with or otherwise communicated directly to the commission to avoid past problems when the injured employee contacted the insurance carrier, but the Commission was not notified and a dispute was not initiated. The text was revised in the adopted rule to reference §150.3(a) for clarity regarding who may be a "representative" of an injured employee.

Section 130.12(b)(2) provides that a notice of non-concurrence on a TWCC-69 or other communication from the treating doctor is not a dispute for the purposes of stopping the 90-day clock. The treating doctor's opinion regarding the MMI/IR certification of another doctor may be important. Therefore, the injured employee and the treating doctor may decide to remain in contact throughout this process so the injured employee may make a determination on whether to dispute a MMI/IR certification. If disputing is appropriate, the injured employee must file a dispute with the Commission directly or, if represented, through the injured employee's representative. Unless the treating doctor becomes the representative of the injured employee as provided in §150.3 of this title (related to Representatives: Written Authorization Required), the treating doctor does not have authority to dispute a MMI/IR certification on behalf of the injured employee.

The amended §408.123 also provides for exceptions to the 90-day time period. The exceptions provide a means for allowing a dispute beyond the 90-day period in the event of "significant error," "clear misdiagnosis," and "improper or inadequate treatment." These exceptions are the same exceptions noted in the March 2000 changes to §130.5(e) as previously established by the Commission's Appeals Panel on an ad hoc basis over the years. These exceptions are noted to be a basis for dispute of an MMI/IR certification after the 90-day period in subsection (b)(4).

Section 130.12(c) addresses the issue of validity of the first certification of MMI and/or IR assignment. A certification of MMI and/or IR assignment must meet certain requirements to be considered a valid certification. An MMI/IR certification is valid for purposes of this rule if it is on a TWCC 69 form with an MMI date that is not prospective, an impairment determination of no impairment or the impairment percentage, and the signature of a doctor authorized by the commission to make the MMI/IR certification stated on the form. The text has been revised from the rule as proposed to correct an inadvertent error, and for clarity. In addition, subsection (c)(2) has been revised to note that there may be an impairment determination of either "no impairment" or an assignment of a percentage of impairment.

Section 130.12(d) is added from the proposed text to indicate that this rule applies only to those claims where the initial MMI/IR certification is made on or after June 18, 2003. This date is the effective date as HB 2198, one of three bills addressing these issues, which was the first to become effective.

Proposed Amendments to §130.110. Return to Work Disputes During Supplemental Income Benefits; Designated Doctor

The commission made several changes to language in subsection (h) as it was proposed in the Texas Register. To eliminate a typographical error, a repeated "to return" was removed from the second sentence. Another change includes the reintroduction of the language prohibiting the marking of medical documents. After additional consideration, it was determined that the need for unmarked, unprejudicial records remained, even with the provision allowing for an analysis. Provided that an unmarked medical record is sent to the designated doctor, the analysis may also contain copies of medical documents with markings to emphasize any point the insurance carrier or treating doctor wishes to bring to the designated doctor's attention.

Finally, the rule was amended to allow for the provision of sending an analysis in addition to videotape and physical evidence in return-to-work disputes. This will provide consistency regarding what evidence may be forwarded to a designated doctor.

The commission added language to subsection (i) that includes peer reviewers in the list of persons that the designated doctor could contact regarding an examination. Peer reviewers are mentioned in §130.5(d)(4)(C) and are being added to this rule for consistency. The proposed rule included the phrase "peer review doctors". As it is possible that peer reviews may come from other sources, such as a pharmacist or physical therapist, the term was changed in the adopted version. Additionally, the commission added language clarifying that, after the examination, contact with the designated doctor's non-medical office staff is permitted for the purposes of inquiring about administrative matters, but that discussion regarding the injured employee's condition, return to work abilities, or similar issues is prohibited. A similar clarification is added to §130.5 of this title (related to Entitlement and Procedure for Requesting Designated Doctor Examinations Related to Maximum Medical Improvement and Impairment Rating).

The commission adds language to subsection (m) that sets forth the records that a designated doctor is required to keep after an examination. With the changes to the statute that have resulted in more designated doctor examinations being held per claim, it is likely that a designated doctor will see the same claimant more than once. As such, to save time and money for treating doctors and insurance carriers which are required to submit records multiple times to the doctor for review, the amendment requires designated doctors to keep the records used in the examination. This should also resolve the problems of designated doctors needing to sort through numerous copies to remove duplicates or in storing multiple duplicate records. An additional benefit of this change will be to facilitate the commission's review of the quality of doctors' evaluations. Doctors' retention periods for medical records is governed by their licensing boards.

The following groups submitted comments making recommendations, and/or supporting portions and opposing portions: Lockheed Martin Aeronautics; Christian Hill and Associates Law Firm; Glen Brasseur, D.C.; J.A. Davis and Associates Law Firm; Law offices of Bruce Dunham; Attorney Caryn Cailleteau; Attorney Lona Maxson; Melissa Tonn, M.D.; Texas Mutual Ins. Co.; Insurance Council of Texas; Adam Leonard; Texas Assn. of School Boards; Attorney Daniel Morris; Doug Pruett; Texas. Dept. of Transportation; Burns, Anderson, Jury & Brenner Law Firm; and the law firm of Flahive, Ogden & Latson Law.

Summaries of the comments and commission responses are as follows:

§130.1

Comment: The commenter suggests adding the language, "provided the referral doctor is otherwise authorized to certify maximum medical improvement and assign impairment ratings," to §130.1(a)(1)(A)(i).

Response: The Commission disagrees. §130.1(a)(1)(A) is the beginning of the list of doctors who may be authorized to make MMI/IR certifications. §130.1(a)(2) provides that if a treating doctor "finds that the injured employee has permanent impairment but is not authorized to assign an impairment rating, the doctor is also not authorized to certify MMI and shall refer the injured employee to a doctor who is so authorized." Adding the proposed language would be redundant.

Comment: Commenter suggests adding language to §130.1(c)(3) to read as follows:

Assignment of an impairment rating for the current compensable injury shall be based on the injured employee's condition as of the MMI date as defined by the Texas Labor Code Section 401.011(30) considering the medical record and the certifying examination.

This change is recommended to encourage designated doctors to consider that MMI may have been reached prior to the date of the designated doctor's exam and result in more accurate determinations of MMI.

Response: The commission disagrees. The provisions of Texas Labor Code §401.011(30) are reflected in §130.1(b)(1) where MMI is addressed. Subsection (c) refers to the assignment of impairment ratings and it would not be appropriate or necessary to further address the MMI date in this subsection.

Comment: The commenter suggests that the language of §130.1(c)(3), which provides that an impairment rating "shall be based on the employee's condition as of the MMI date considering the medical record and the certifying examination, is problematic because it implies that surgery after the MMI date (e.g. spine surgery) will never affect the MMI certification.

Response: The commission disagrees. Other than cases with a final decision establishing the IR, the IR is subject to change and to dispute resolution. However, the IR must be based on the injured worker's condition as of the MMI date. In situations where a claimant reaches MMI clinically, rather than with the expiration of 104-weeks or the extended date in the event of spinal surgery, future changes in the injured workers condition may cause the MMI date to change. In the event the MMI date is changed due to a post-MMI change in the injured employee's conditions, there should be a re-evaluation of the IR as of the new MMI date. In the event the post-MMI date changes indicate the injured employee's conditions were different than the MMI date impairment rated conditions, there should be a re-evaluation of the IR as of the new MMI date. In the event the post-MMI date changes do not result in a change in the MMI date, or show the injured employee's conditions were not different than the MMI date impairment rated conditions, there can be no change to the IR. In other words, an established IR, associated with a specific MMI date, may not change unless the MMI date also changes. Where the IR is based on MMI as of the expiration of 104-weeks or an extended date, later changes in condition cannot be considered, as the MMI date can no longer be changed pursuant to the statute.

Comment: The commenter recommends eliminating section 130.1(c)(3) altogether, as it does not allow injured workers to receive benefits for all permanent impairment in all situations that occur after the MMI date.

Response: The Commission disagrees with the suggestion. While the commission attempts to ensure that injured employees receive the benefits to which they are entitled, there are situations when MMI/IR may not be reopened. As noted in the prior response, the legislature has established that the impairment rating must be tied to the MMI date. The fact that there is a statutory MMI date (104-weeks) and its constitutionality was upheld by the Texas Supreme Court in Texas Workers' Compensation Commission v. Garcia , 893 S.W.2d 504 (Tex. 1995), makes it clear that post-statutory MMI date changes cannot affect the impairment rating because the MMI date cannot change. For MMI certifications prior to the expiration of 104-weeks or an extended date in the event of spinal surgery, changes may be considered and the MMI/IR amended where appropriate.

Comment: Commenter suggests that some conditions may come and go and clarification needs to be made in §130.1(c)(3) that an injured employee may be credited for an intermittent condition that is not apparent at the time of the examination. For example, Category II under the spine injury model states following: "... the findings may include significant intermittent or continuous muscle guarding...." Commenter observed that the muscle spasm may not be present on the date of evaluation but according to the medical records the condition is recurring and should be taken into account.

Response: The commission disagrees that any such clarifying language is necessary. In this example, muscle guarding should have been noted in the medical records and will be taken into account by the certifying doctor where appropriate, as provided by the Guides to Evaluation of Permanent Impairment . The statement that the impairment rating should be based on the employee's condition as of the MMI date is intended to go hand in hand with the idea that the impairment must be based upon both the certifying examination and the condition as detailed in the medical records.

§130.5

Comment: Commenter asserts that §130.5(d)(3)(B) is duplicative and drives an unnecessary paperwork burden for physicians and carriers that will also increase workers' compensation administrative costs. This section requires that any analysis sent to the designated doctor by the insurance carrier and the treating doctor also be sent to the employee and the employee's representative (if any). Commenter suggests, instead, that the commission only require a complete copy of records to be forwarded in the event of a dispute related to MMI/IR and/or a subsequent inquiry regarding completeness of the records.

Response: The commission disagrees. The treating doctor and the insurance carrier are only required to send to the other parties copies of any analysis they choose to send to the designated doctor. They are not required to send medical records to the other parties unless they elect to make copies of original medical records for marking and incorporating them into their analysis. This duplication would be necessary because original medical records should not be marked. Also, not requiring both the treating doctor and the insurance carrier to send records to the designated doctor would precipitate an increase in disputes regarding the accuracy of the MMI/IR and completeness of records the designated doctor used in making the MMI/IR certification.

Comment: The commenter suggests that since the medical records are important for a proper examination, the rule should prohibit a designated doctor examination from taking place if the records are incomplete.

Response: The commission disagrees. There are issues as to who determines the records are incomplete. The doctor may feel there are missing records because of a six-month break in the records, but the claimant actually may not have sought treatment. Further, it cannot be assumed that just because the doctor received records from only one side, that not all records have been received. Additionally, it is conceivable that a party could indefinitely postpone an examination by ensuring that not all records are sent. Thereby, causing delayed benefits to the injured employee or overpayments that cause unnecessary extra expense to the system. The amended rule appropriately leaves it to the designated doctor's discretion to determine whether additional medical records are needed.

Comment: The commenter suggests adding a new subsection §130.5(d)(3)(D)(iii) with the language, "if the examination is rescheduled due to non-receipt of records from the treating doctor, temporary income benefits, if due, shall be suspended until the date of the rescheduled examination."

Response: The commission disagrees. The commission recognizes the potential problems with allowing repeated rescheduling of examinations due to the non-receipt of records; therefore, there is a provision that a designated doctor examination may only be rescheduled once due to absence of records. Moreover, the injured worker should not be penalized for a treating doctor's or an insurance carrier's errors and omissions.

Comment: The commenter states that a designated doctor examination should not be postponed due to the absence of records. The records are not required to conduct the physical examination, and rather the doctor should be given the option of delayed reporting to allow for proper receipt of records. Commenter further suggests that an administrative violation be assessed on parties that do not provide the required records on a timely basis.

Response: The commission agrees in part. The commission agrees that a violation should be considered and reporting the absence of records is covered in subsection (d)(3)(D)(i). However, rescheduling the examination is at the election of the designated doctor. This strikes an appropriate balance because the examining doctor is in the best position to determine whether the exam should be rescheduled.

Comment: Commenter indicates that requiring notice to TWCC and the insurance carrier of a re-scheduled examination within 24 hours is too short a period of time and suggests extending the period to three business days.

Response: The commission disagrees. The requirement is simply for notification to the commission and the insurance carrier that there is a new date and time for the designated doctor examination; this is an administrative task that should be easily accomplished after the rescheduled appointment has been set.

Comment: Commenter asserts there are abusive practices and misunderstandings regarding revisiting MMI/IR certification and requesting designated doctor clarification letters. Based on that proposition, the proposed remedy is to delay a designated doctor examination of the injured worker until after a determination is made by the designated doctor that there has been a substantial change in the injured worker's condition from the compensable injuries and a Benefit Contested Case Hearing decision and order affirms the determination.

Response: The commission disagrees. Until there is a final decision, MMI/IR certifications are subject to dispute resolution. The dispute resolution process necessarily includes reasonable opportunities for discovery. Requiring a hearing, in addition to the dispute resolution process, would not correct any perceived problems and would lengthen and be potentially disruptive to the dispute resolution process.

§130.6

Comment: The commenter suggests redesigning the TWCC-69, Report of Medical Examination to provide the designated doctor with the opportunity to give multiple ratings for extent of injury disputes, and to remind designated doctors to follow the rules regarding multiple certifications.

Response: The commission disagrees. It should be noted that only a designated doctor in limited circumstances regarding extent of injury disputes may make multiple certifications. The TWCC-69 is to be used in all cases, and adding a section for this specific situation would be potentially confusing.

Comment: Commenter recommends changing §130.6(c)(1)(A)(ii) to allow fourteen days rather than seven for a rescheduled examination to occur, asserting that this would provide consistency with the amendment to §130.6(b) adopted herein.

Response: The commission agrees. The language of §130.6(c)(1)(A)(ii) is changed as suggested.

Comment: Commenter suggests development of a TWCC form similar to the TWCC-24 for clarification letters that would allow all parties to review the questions and verify that the right questions are being forwarded to the designated doctor in as clear and concise manner as possible.

Response: The commission disagrees. Clarification questions for the designated doctor vary based on the nature of the injuries and circumstances in each case. The wide variety of circumstances from case to case does not lend itself to a set checkbox-type form. If a form required questions to be written in, having all parties concur on the exact language and content of the questions would possibly prevent clarification letters from ever being sent, thereby leaving the questions regarding MMI/IR unresolved indefinitely. Because any clarification request or questions for a designated doctor must be sent through the commission, which first reviews or often drafts the letter, this process is sufficient to ensure that proper, thorough, and concise questions are being posed.

Comment: Commenter requests clarification as to whether, in amending §130.6(i)(1), the Commission intended to remove the 'proper reason' requirement from the question of whether clarification letters should be sent to a designated doctor. Commenter further inquires whether the provision still applies to the question of whether an amendment or clarification should be given presumptive weight. Commenter suggests requiring a contested case hearing regarding the merits of any alleged change of condition prior to allowing any clarification letter or re-examination to take place.

Response: The commission disagrees with the suggestion that a hearing on the merits be required before any clarification letter or re-examination can occur. The revision to §130.6(i)(1) clarifies that when a designated doctor responds to a request for clarification under the rule, the response is a part of the designated doctor's report and is entitled to presumptive weight in resolving MMI/IR disputes. To add a requirement for a contested case hearing prior to allowing this to happen would lengthen and add a potentially disruptive procedure to the dispute resolution process.

Comment: The commenter indicates that the requirement of a ten-day period for conducting a re-evaluation is an unreasonably short time, especially for doctors that travel.

Response: The Commission disagrees. The provision in the rule is ten working days, generally a two-week period, in order to conduct the re-evaluation. While the Commission understands the possible burden of this requirement for doctors who participate in the system, it must balance those concerns with the concerns of the insurance carriers, regarding possible overpayment of benefits not owed an injured worker, and the injured employees, regarding prompt payment of benefits owed to them.

Comment: Commenters suggest that §130.6(j) should be amended to indicate a specific time frame for maintaining records from a designated doctor examination and one commenter suggests a seven-year period. Commenters interpret the current wording to suggest that the records are to be kept indefinitely. Commenter asserts that the proposed savings to the carrier and treating doctor for copy costs in scheduling an additional examination are outweighed by the storage costs to be borne by the designated doctor. Commenter further asserts that because the treating doctor and insurance carrier are "much larger stakeholders" in the workers' compensation system, they, not designated doctors, should be responsible for the administrative costs.

Response: The commission disagrees that a specific time frame for maintaining records should be added to the rule. While the Commission understands the burden placed on designated doctors in storing records from examinations, it must also consider the burden placed on insurance carriers and treating doctors in the multiple reproduction and delivery of those same records for the purpose of addressing clarification questions or re-examinations. Also, each licensing board directs physicians in how long medical records should be kept. For example, a physician may destroy medical records related to any civil or administrative proceeding only if the physician knows there has been final resolution.

Comment: Commenter recommends amending the rule language to require designated doctors to forward copies of a Report of Medical Evaluation to the treating doctor, in addition to the insurance carrier and injured employee.

Response: Although the commission agrees that it is necessary for the designated doctor's Report of Medical Evaluation to be sent to the treating doctor, no amendment is necessary because this is already required by §130.3(a) of the commission's rules. Rule 130.6(h) states that a designated doctor must file the report in accordance with §130.3, and subsection (a) of that rule specifically requires that the report be sent to the treating doctor.

§130.12

Comment: The commenter suggested clarifying that written notice refers to written notice of a certification of MMI/assignment of IR just to be clear.

Response: The Commission agrees. However, due to a reorganization of §130.12 in response to other comments received, the clarifying language has been added to the first two sentences of (b)(1).

Comment: The commenter suggested making the information listed in the preamble for required information for written notice be consistent with the criteria for a valid MMI/IR under subsection (c).

Response: The commission agrees in part. Subsection (c) is changed to amend the criteria, and the required information for notification is removed from the preamble. This is due to the fact that most of the information listed is already required to be included in a Report of Medical Evaluation.

Comment: Commenter suggests adding language that the 90-day period may not be extended except as provided under Texas Labor Code §408.123(e).

Response: The commission agrees in part. While the Commission agrees there are only certain provisions that may be used to overcome a 90-day finality, there is no need to add this language to §130.12(a) because this is already provided for in §130.12(b)(4).

Comment: The commenter recommends adding language clarifying that this new rule applies only to certifications rendered on or after June 20, 2003.

Response: The commission agrees in part. A new subsection (d) was added to specify the effective date for this rule. However, the effective date is June 18, 2003. There were three statutory provisions revising §409.021 of the Act. All bills became effective immediately upon being signed into law due to receipt of two-thirds of the votes in both houses approving them. The first of these three bills signed into law was HB 2198 on June 18, 2003. Therefore, June 18, 2003 is the controlling date when this provision became effective.

Comment: The commenter indicates agreement with the purpose for the difference in wording between §408.123, which states that the 90-day period begins to run after the certification "is provided," and §130.12, which states that the 90-day period begins to run after the certification "is received." However, commenter recommends adding a provision to the rule for deemed receipt of the notice by verifiable means.

Response: The commission disagrees. Once notice is provided by verifiable means the requirement of the statute and rule is met. There is no need for a deemed receipt provision. The legislature appears to have intended something different from receipt when it established the "provided ... by verifiable means" requirement.

However, a distinction should be made between notice being provided and notice being received. Therefore, the rule is changed to read as follows:

(b) A first MMI/IR certification must be disputed within 90 days of delivery of written notice through verifiable means. The notice must contain a copy of a valid Form TWCC 69, Report of Medical Evaluation, as described in subsection (c). The 90-day period begins on the day after the written notice is delivered to the party wishing to dispute a certification of MMI or an IR assignment, or both. The 90-day period may not be extended.

Comment: Several commenters recommend changing "employee's representative" to "employee's legal representative" to make it clear only adjusters, the injured employee and attorneys may dispute a certification of MMI/IR.

Response: The commission agrees in part. The intent is to make it clear that only the injured employee, the injured employee's attorney or a representative under the provisions of §150.3(a)(3) may dispute an MMI/IR certification. However, the rule language has been rearranged for a more logical progression of ideas and this language has been removed from §130.12(a) and is noted solely in subsection (b) now.

Comment: The commenter states the treating doctor should be allowed to dispute a MMI certification on behalf of the injured worker if requested to. As determination of MMI is a medical issue, it is appropriate for the treating doctor to be involved.

Response: The commission agrees in part. A treating doctor may dispute an MMI/IR certification on behalf of an injured worker, if the treating doctor is the injured employee's representative under the provisions of §150.3(a). It is the intent of the rules to make it clear that only the injured employee or injured employee's §150.3(a) representative may dispute an MMI/IR certification. Special emphasis is given to that proposition in this rule because of the substantial problems that were caused in the past regarding whether there was MMI/IR dispute based on actions taken by treating doctors.

Comment: The commenter points out that grammatically the MMI and IR in the third sentence of §130.12(a)(2) should not be spelled out and that the sentence is redundant.

Response: The commission agrees in part. MMI and IR should not be spelled out and this has been removed. However, the third sentence is not redundant in that it is used to further clarify when the 90-day clock is triggered. It should be noted that this rule has been rearranged from the proposed version and this language is now contained in subsection (b).

Comment: The commenter suggests that the language of "assignment of IR" indicates that an adjuster's reasonable assessment may become final and the language should be clarified.

Response: The commission disagrees. A reasonable assessment of an IR by an insurance carrier is not an assignment of an IR. Only a doctor certified to perform ratings based on an actual physical examination may assign an IR. The term "assignment" is used for consistency with §130.1 and the Act.

Comment: The commenter suggests providing a triggering mechanism for the 90-day clock for subsequent certifications when the first certification is overturned.

Response: The commission disagrees that the text as proposed needs revising. As provided in the Act and the amended rule, for a subsequent MMI/IR certification to become final, it must be made after a decision that modifies, overturns or withdraws the first MMI/IR certification becomes final. The trigger for the 90-day clock for subsequent certifications is then as provided in subsection (a): "The 90-day period begins on the date the written notice is delivered to the party wishing to dispute a certification of MMI or an IR assignment, or both."

Comment: Several commenters suggested deleting §130.12 (a)(3)(B). However, one commenter acknowledged there are times when the first MMI/IR certification is overturned, modified or withdrawn and the IR is not resolved. Further, it should be made clear that this only occurs with respect to action taken on a disputed MMI/IR certification.

Response: The commission agrees in part. Subsection (a)(3) is revised to read:

(3) The first valid subsequent certification of MMI and/or assignment of an IR received after the date a first certification of MMI and/or assignment of an IR is overturned, modified or withdrawn by agreement of the parties or a final decision of the commission or a court.

While the text noted in the comments has been deleted, some additional explanation is provided. A dispute of a first MMI/IR certification will usually resolve by agreement or a final decision establishing the injured employee's MMI date and IR; however, there are rare instances when it does not. For example, if a designated doctor is disqualified or a decision is made that the doctor was improperly selected, without a designated doctor opinion, the issue of a disputed MMI/IR cannot be resolved until another designated doctor is selected and an examination takes place. This is not a situation when a certification is overturned, modified, or withdrawn.

In the event the first MMI/IR is the only certification and it is rescinded, or in the event an agreement or commission decision and order is entered but another certification on record is not selected, this would fall within the scope of this subsection. In these situations, the next certification received after this event would become the first certification that may become final if not disputed as provided in this section and by statute.

Comment: The commenter suggests inserting the term "legal" into the employee representative phrase. He further suggests changing "or requesting" to "by requesting."

Response: The commission agrees in part. The intent is to make it clear that only the injured employee or injured employee's attorney or representative under the provisions of §150.3(a)(3) may dispute an MMI/IR certification. The rule language is changed to add a reference to this provision in addition to attorneys.

Comment: Commenter requests clarification regarding the MMI/IR validity criteria. Specifically, how to reconcile when an MMI date or IR is missing from the TWCC-69 but in the narrative, or when the TWCC-69 and narrative have different information.

Response: The Commission clarifies as follows: In order to be considered a valid certification on its face, MMI and IR must be noted on the TWCC-69 itself. If there is conflicting information between the TWCC-69 and the narrative, the conflict may be resolved through a letter of clarification to the certifying doctor.

Comment: The commenter suggests that not including a MMI date on a TWCC-69 when the doctor is checking the STATUTORY box should not invalidate the certification.

Response: The commission disagrees. The TWCC-69 indicates that the actual date of MMI is required regardless of whether the doctor is checking statutory or clinical. While the statutory date is a legal concept, there have been disputes over the accrual date that defines the statutory date. There are also considerations when statutory MMI has been extended for spinal surgery. Further, requiring an MMI date be placed on the TWCC-69 in all situations provides a secondary level of "quality control" to verify the doctor meant clinical or statutory MMI.

Comment: The commenter suggests that requiring a IR in the form of a percentage is in conflict with §130.1 and the TWCC-69 that allows a doctor simply to check the box indicating no permanent impairment and not include an actual number.

Response: Commission agrees. Subsection (c)(2) of the rule is changed to cover that situation by stating there may be either a determination of no impairment or a percentage impairment rating. The same clarification has been made through amendments to subsection (a)(1), which note that the 90-day deadline to dispute applies to a determination of no impairment, as well as an IR assignment.

Comment: Commenter suggests that requiring the doctor to be authorized by the commission to certify MMI and assign an impairment rating is in direct conflict with §130.1(a), which states that a treating doctor may certify MMI if he or she has determined that the injured employee has no impairment even if the doctor has not been authorized by the commission to certify MMI.

Response: The commission agrees. The language in subsection (c)(2) is changed to indicate that there must be an impairment determination of either no impairment or a percentage impairment rating and that there must be a signature of a certifying doctor who is authorized to make the assigned impairment determination. The same clarification has been made through amendments to subsection (a)(1), which note that the 90-day deadline to dispute applies to a determination of no impairment, as well as an IR assignment.

Comment: Commenter asks for clarification on situations where a doctor's authorization to perform certifications changes. For example: if a doctor were removed from the list after the certification is made, would the certification still be valid? The commenter recommends the Commission establish a time frame.

Response: The Commission disagrees. As revised, the rule makes it clear that the MMI/IR certification is valid if it is signed by a doctor who, on the date of the certifying examination and the date the TWCC-69 was signed by that doctor, he or she was authorized by the Commission to make MMI/IR certifications.

Comment: Several commenters indicated that the language used in §130.12(c)(4) states that a certification is invalid unless the MMI and IR are prospective and suggests this should be the other way around.

Response: The Commission agrees that the language in the proposed text is inconsistent with long-standing practices regarding these issues and was inadvertently misstated in the text as proposed. The language of subsection (c) has been changed to fix this statement.

Comment: The commenter suggests adding another requirement to §130.12(c) adding the language, "the certification has been assigned using an inappropriate edition of the AMA Guides."

Response: The commission disagrees. This circumstance is already addressed in subsection (b)(4), which references TLC §408.123(1)(A). This provision allows for the disputing of a rating beyond the 90-day period if there is a significant error on the part of the certifying doctor in applying the AMA guidelines. Using the wrong edition of the AMA guides would be such an error.

§130.110

Comment: The commenter suggests that the language regarding the qualifications of the designated doctor for SIBs return to work disputes mirror the requirements in 130.5(d)(2)(c). While, another commenter questioned the purpose of the requirement that a designated doctor for SIBs return to work disputes be in the same discipline and licensure as the treating doctor.

Response: The commission disagrees with mirroring the same requirements used for MMI/IR into SIBs ability to work questions. Questions regarding MMI/IR are substantially different than determining whether an injured worker has any ability to work. The Legislature did not provide that the same designated doctor selection requirements for MMI/IR must be used for selection of a designated doctor regarding ability to work.

Comment: Commenter suggests the rule fails to indicate specifically that the insurance carrier and or treating doctor may send an analysis to the designated doctor regarding the injured employee's medical condition, functional abilities, and return to work opportunities in cases of supplemental income benefits return to work cases, such as in the case of MMI/IR. Commenter recommended that it would be appropriate to allow such an analysis to be sent to the designated doctor.

Response: The commission agrees. The Legislature believed providing an analysis to the designated doctor with respect to MMI/IR certifications would be useful. An analysis should be just as useful regarding designated doctor determinations on ability to work. Rule 130.110(h) is changed accordingly. Therefore, the rule has been modified from the proposed text to allow for the provision of an analysis in these situations.

Comment: Commenters expressed disagreement with removing the language prohibiting the marking of medical records being sent to a designated doctor. Their concern is that prejudicial and possible incorrect information will be provided and improperly influence the designated doctor. That could happen in the event the designated doctor cannot determine whether the marking is part the medical record or added by a party as part of its analysis information. It was further suggested that it is unfair that copies of the altered records or the analysis do not need to be sent to the other parties to the claim.

Response: The commission agrees. The parties may present to the designated doctor an analysis, a videotape or other physical evidence in both MMI/IR certification and SIBs ability to work examinations. Allowing markings on the original medical records could confuse the designated doctor about the true content of the original medical record. Similar language was removed from §130.5 because parties are now permitted to provide an analysis to the designated doctor. Treating doctors and insurance carriers may copy original medical records and mark the copies as part of the separate analysis provided to the designated doctor. The language in 130.110(h) is amended from the rule as proposed in that it again includes the prohibition regarding marking original medical documentation.

Comment: Commenter states that a peer reviewer should not be allowed to communicate with the designated doctor for two reasons. The peer reviewer has not physically examined the injured employee and the peer reviewer usually works for the insurance carrier, making his opinion suspect.

Response: The commission disagrees. In trying to make the most accurate possible determination as the commission-appointed impartial doctor, the designated doctor should be allowed the discretion to contact other physicians that have treated or evaluated the injured worker. However, to be consistent with §180.22(g) regarding peer reviewers, §130.110(i) is changed to read as follows:

The designated doctor may initiate communication with any doctor who has previously treated or examined the injured employee for the work-related injury or with peer reviewers, identified by the insurance carrier, who examined the injured employee's claim.

Comment: Commenter suggests that the rule should be amended to indicate a specific time frame for maintaining records from a designated doctor examination. The current wording suggests that the records are to be kept indefinitely. The commenter points out the costs associated with records storage can be prohibitive.

Response: The commission disagrees. While the Commission understands the burden placed on designated doctors in storing records from examinations, the Commission points those doctors to their own licensing boards regarding maintenance of records. There is no need to add a specific reference to this rule. There are already provisions regarding maintenance of TWCC records. Further, each licensing board makes note of the provisions required in the maintenance of medical records. Specifically, a physician may destroy medical records related to any civil or administrative proceeding only if the physician knows there has been final resolution.

Subchapter A. IMPAIRMENT INCOME BENEFITS

28 TAC §§130.1, 130.5, 130.6, 130.12

The amendments and new rule are adopted pursuant to the Texas Labor Code §402.061, which requires the commission to adopt rules necessary for the implementation and enforcement of the Texas Workers Compensation Act; the Texas Labor Code, §401.011 which contains definitions used in the Texas Workers' Compensation Act; the Texas Labor Code, §401.024, which provides the commission the authority to require use of facsimile or other electronic means to transmit information in the system; the Texas Labor Code, §402.042, which authorizes the executive director to enter orders as authorized by the statute as well as to prescribe the form and manner and procedure for transmission of information to the commission; Texas Labor Code, §402.071 relating to authorization of representatives; Texas Labor Code §406.010, that authorizes the commission to adopt rules regarding claims service; the Texas Labor Code, §408.004 which provides for Required Medical Examinations; Texas Labor Code §408.0041 which provides for the commission assignment of a designated doctor; the Texas Labor Code §408.023 which requires the commission to develop a list of approved doctors and lay out the requirements for being on the list; the Texas Labor Code §408.0231, which provides the commission with the responsibility for maintenance of the list; the Texas Labor Code, §408.025, which requires the commission to specify by rule what reports a health care provider is required to file; the Texas Labor Code §408.102, which provides that temporary income benefits continue until the injured employee reaches maximum medical improvement; Texas Labor Code §408.104 which establishes procedures for MMI after spinal surgery; Texas Labor Code §408.122 which requires that designated doctors meet specific qualifications; the Texas Labor Code §408.123, which requires a doctor certifying maximum medical improvement to file a report and which requires a certification of MMI and assignment of an impairment rating by a doctor other than the treating doctor be sent to the treating doctor who must indicate either agreement or disagreement with the certification of the evaluation; the Texas Labor Code §408.124, which provides the commission the authority to by rule adopt the fourth edition of the "Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment" published by the American Medical Association to determine the existence and degree of an injured employee's impairment; the Texas Labor Code §408.125 which provides the process for disputing impairment ratings; the Texas Labor Code §408.151, which provides for required medical examinations for supplemental income benefits; Texas Labor Code §410.004 which requires dispute resolution proceedings within the commission; Texas Labor Code §410.169 which addresses the effect of a contested case hearing decision; Texas Labor Code §410.251 which allows judicial review after administrative remedies have been exhausted; and Texas Labor Code §415.031 which addresses initiation of administrative violation proceedings.

§130.1.Certification of Maximum Medical Improvement and Evaluation of Permanent Impairment.

(a) Authorized Doctor.

(1) Only an authorized doctor may certify maximum medical improvement (MMI), determine whether there is permanent impairment, and assign an impairment rating if there is permanent impairment.

(A) Doctors serving in the following roles may be authorized as provided in subsection (a)(1)(B) of this section.

(i) the treating doctor (or a doctor to whom the treating doctor has referred the injured employee for evaluation of MMI and/or permanent whole body impairment in the place of the treating doctor, in which case the treating doctor is not authorized);

(ii) a designated doctor; or

(iii) a required medical examination (RME) doctor selected by the insurance carrier and approved by the commission to evaluate MMI and/or permanent whole body impairment after a designated doctor has performed such an evaluation.

(B) Prior to September 1, 2003 a doctor serving in one of the roles described in subsection (a)(1)(A) of this subsection is authorized to determine whether an injured employee has permanent impairment, assign an impairment rating, and certify MMI. On or after September 1, 2003, a doctor serving in one of the roles described in subsection (a)(1)(A) of this section is authorized as follows:

(i) a doctor whom the commission has certified to assign impairment ratings or otherwise given specific permission by exception to, is authorized to determine whether an injured employee has permanent impairment, assign an impairment rating, and certify MMI; and

(ii) a doctor whom the commission has not certified to assign impairment ratings or otherwise given specific permission by exception to is only authorized to determine whether an injured employee has permanent impairment and, in the event that the injured employee has no impairment, certify MMI.

(2) Doctors who are not authorized shall not make findings of permanent impairment, certify MMI, or assign impairment ratings and shall not be reimbursed for the examination, certification, or report if one does so. A certification of MMI, finding of permanent impairment, and/or impairment rating assigned by an unauthorized doctor are invalid. If a treating doctor finds that the injured employee has permanent impairment but is not authorized to assign an impairment rating, the doctor is also not authorized to certify MMI and shall refer the injured employee to a doctor who is so authorized.

(3) A doctor who is authorized under this subsection to certify MMI, determine whether permanent impairment exists, and assign an impairment rating and who does, shall be referred to as the "certifying doctor."

(b) Certification of Maximum Medical Improvement.

(1) Maximum medical improvement (MMI) is:

(A) the earliest date after which, based on reasonable medical probability, further material recovery from or lasting improvement to an injury can no longer reasonably be anticipated;

(B) the expiration of 104 weeks from the date on which income benefits begin to accrue; or

(C) the date determined as provided by Texas Labor Code §408.104.

(2) MMI must be certified before an impairment rating is assigned.

(3) Certification of MMI is a finding made by an authorized doctor that an injured employee has reached MMI as defined in subsection (b)(1) of this section.

(4) To certify MMI the certifying doctor shall:

(A) review medical records;

(B) perform a complete medical examination of the injured employee for the explicit purpose of determining MMI (certifying examination);

(C) assign a specific date at which MMI was reached.

(i) The date of MMI may not be prospective or conditional.

(ii) The date of MMI may be retrospective to the date of the certifying exam.

(D) Complete and submit required reports and documentation.

(c) Assignment of Impairment Rating.

(1) An impairment rating is the percentage of permanent impairment of the whole body resulting from the current compensable injury. A zero percent impairment may be a valid rating.

(2) A doctor who certifies that an injured employee has reached MMI shall assign an impairment rating for the current compensable injury using the rating criteria contained in the appropriate edition of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, published by the American Medical Association (AMA Guides).

(A) The appropriate edition of the AMA Guides to use for all certifying examinations conducted before October 15, 2001 is the third edition, second printing, dated February, 1989.

(B) The appropriate edition of the AMA Guides to use for certifying examinations conducted on or after October 15, 2001 is:

(i) the fourth edition of the AMA Guides (1st, 2nd, 3rd, or 4th printing, including corrections and changes as issued by the AMA prior to May 16, 2000). If a subsequent printing(s) of the fourth edition of the AMA Guides occurs, and it contains no substantive changes from the previous printing, the commission by vote at a public meeting may authorize the use of the subsequent printing(s); or

(ii) the third edition, second printing, dated February, 1989 if, at the time of the certifying examination, there is a certification of MMI by a doctor pursuant to subsection (b) of this section made prior to October 15, 2001 which has not been previously withdrawn through agreement of the parties or previously overturned by a final decision.

(C) This subsection shall be implemented to ensure that in the event of an impairment rating dispute, only ratings using the appropriate edition of the AMA Guides shall be considered. Impairment ratings assigned using the wrong edition of the AMA Guides shall not be considered valid.

(3) Assignment of an impairment rating for the current compensable injury shall be based on the injured employee's condition as of the MMI date considering the medical record and the certifying examination. The doctor assigning the impairment rating shall:

(A) identify objective clinical or laboratory findings of permanent impairment for the current compensable injury;

(B) document specific laboratory or clinical findings of an impairment;

(C) analyze specific clinical and laboratory findings of an impairment;

(D) compare the results of the analysis with the impairment criteria and provide the following:

(i) A description and explanation of specific clinical findings related to each impairment, including zero percent (0%) impairment ratings; and

(ii) A description of how the findings relate to and compare with the criteria described in the applicable chapter of the AMA Guides. The doctor's inability to obtain required measurements must be explained.

(E) assign one whole body impairment rating for the current compensable injury;

(F) be responsible for referring the injured employee to another doctor or health care provider for testing, or evaluation, if additional medical information is required. The certifying doctor is responsible for incorporating all additional information obtained into the report required by this rule:

(i) Additional information must be documented and incorporated into the impairment rating and acknowledged in the required report.

(ii) If the additional information is not consistent with the clinical findings of the certifying doctor, then the documentation must clearly explain why the information is not being used as part of the impairment rating.

(4) After September 1, 2003, if range of motion, sensory, and strength testing required by the AMA Guides is not performed by the certifying doctor, the testing shall be performed by a health care practitioner, who within the two years prior to the date the injured employee is evaluated, has had the impairment rating training module required by §180.23 (relating to Commission Required Training for Doctors/Certification Levels) for a doctor to be certified to assign impairment ratings. It is the responsibility of the certifying doctor to ensure the requirements of this subsection are complied with.

(5) If an impairment rating is assigned in violation of subsection (c)(4), the rating is invalid and the evaluation and report are not reimbursable. A provider that is paid for an evaluation and/or report that is invalid under this subsection shall refund the payment to the insurance carrier.

(d) Reporting.

(1) Certification of MMI, determination of permanent impairment, and assignment of an impairment rating (if permanent impairment exists) for the current compensable injury requires completion, signing, and submission of the Report of Medical Evaluation and a narrative report.

(A) The Report of Medical Evaluation must be signed by the certifying doctor. The certifying doctor may use a rubber stamp signature or an electronic facsimile signature of the certifying doctor's personal signature.

(B) The Report of Medical Evaluation includes an attached narrative report. The narrative report must include the following:

(i) date of the certifying examination;

(ii) date of MMI;

(iii) findings of the certifying examination, including both normal and abnormal findings related to the compensable injury and an explanation of the analysis performed to find whether MMI was reached;

(iv) narrative history of the medical condition that outlines the course of the injury and correlates the injury to the medical treatment;

(v) current clinical status;

(vi) diagnosis and clinical findings of permanent impairment as stated in subsection (c)(3);

(vii) the edition of the AMA Guides that was used in assigning the impairment rating (if the injured employee has permanent impairment); and

(viii) a copy of the authorization if, after September 1, 2003, the doctor received authorization to assign an impairment rating and certify MMI by exception granted from the commission.

(2) A Report of Medical Evaluation under this rule shall be filed with the commission, injured employee, injured employee's representative, and the insurance carrier no later than the seventh working day after the later of:

(A) date of the certifying examination; or

(B) the receipt of all of the medical information required by this section.

(3) The report required to be filed under this section shall be filed as follows:

(A) The Report of Medical Evaluation shall be filed with the insurance carrier by facsimile or electronic transmission; and

(B) The Report of Medical Evaluation shall be filed with the commission, the injured employee and the injured employee's representative by facsimile or electronic transmission if the doctor has been provided the recipient's facsimile number or email address; otherwise, the report shall be filed by other verifiable means.

(e) Documentation. The certifying doctor shall maintain the original copy of the Report of Medical Evaluation and narrative as well as documentation of:

(1) the date of the examination;

(2) the date any medical records necessary to make the certification of MMI were received, and from whom the medical records were received; and

(3) the date, addressees, and means of delivery that reports required under this section were transmitted or mailed by the certifying doctor.

§130.5.Entitlement and Procedure for Requesting Designated Doctor Examinations related to Maximum Medical Improvement and Impairment Rating.

(a) The commission shall order a medical examination by a designated doctor at the request of the insurance carrier, an injured employee, the injured employee's representative (if any), the Medical Advisor, or a division of the commission. The request shall be made in the form and manner prescribed by the commission.

(b) This section shall be used to resolve questions about:

(1) a certification of maximum medical improvement (MMI) and/or an impairment rating (rating) assigned under §130.1 of this section (relating to Certification of Maximum Medical Improvement and Evaluation of Permanent Impairment);

(2) the treating doctor's failure to certify the injured employee to have reached MMI under §130.4(d) (relating to Presumption that Maximum Medical Improvement has been Reached and Resolution when MMI has not been Certified); and

(3) other questions regarding maximum medical improvement and/or the existence and amount of permanent impairment.

(c) A certification of MMI and/or impairment rating assigned by a doctor selected by a insurance carrier when the insurance carrier was not entitled to such an evaluation, or otherwise assigned in violation of §126.5 of this title (relating to Entitlement to and Procedure for Requesting Required Medical Examinations), or assigned by a doctor who is not authorized to certify MMI or assign an impairment rating is invalid and this section does not apply.

(d) The following provisions apply to selection and scheduling of an examination by a designated doctor:

(1) The commission, within 10 days of receipt of a valid request, shall issue a written order assigning a designated doctor; set up a designated doctor appointment for a date no earlier than 14 days, but no later than 21 days from the date of the commission order; and notify the injured employee and the insurance carrier that the designated doctor will be directed to examine the injured employee. The commission's written order shall also:

(A) indicate the designated doctor's name, license number, practice address and telephone number, and the date and time of the examination;

(B) explain the purpose of the designated doctor examination and that the designated doctor's report has presumptive weight with respect to MMI and/or impairment as specified in the Texas Labor Code, §§408.0041, 408.122, and 408.125;

(C) order the injured employee to be examined by the designated doctor on the stated date and time; and

(D) require the treating doctor and insurance carrier to forward all medical records in compliance with subsection (d)(3) of this section.

(2) If at the time the request is made, the commission has previously assigned a designated doctor to the claim, the commission shall use that doctor again, if the doctor is still qualified as described in this subsection and available. Otherwise, the commission shall select the next available doctor on the commission's Designated Doctor List who:

(A) has not previously treated or examined the injured employee within the past 12 months and has not examined or treated the injured employee with regard to a medical condition being evaluated in the designated doctor examination;

(B) does not have any disqualifying associations as specified in §180.21 of this title (relating to Designated Doctor List); and

(C) has credentials appropriate to the issue in question, is trained and experienced with the treatment and procedures used by the doctor treating the patient's medical condition, and whose scope of practice includes the treatment and procedures performed. In selecting a designated doctor, completed medical procedures may be considered secondary selection criteria.

(3) The designated doctor is authorized to receive the injured employee's confidential medical records to assist in the resolution of a dispute under this section without a signed release from the injured employee.

(A) The treating doctor and insurance carrier shall provide to the designated doctor copies of all the injured employee's medical records in their possession relating to the medical condition to be evaluated by the designated doctor.

(B) The treating doctor and insurance carrier may also send the designated doctor an analysis of the injured employee's medical condition, functional abilities, and return-to-work opportunities. The analysis may include supporting information such as videotaped activities of the injured employee as well as marked copies of medical records, provided the original record is provided intact and unmarked. If the insurance carrier sends an analysis to the designated doctor, the insurance carrier shall send a copy to the treating doctor, the injured employee, and the injured employee's representative (if any). If the treating doctor sends an analysis to the designated doctor, the treating doctor shall send a copy to the insurance carrier, the injured employee, and the injured employee's representative (if any).

(C) The treating doctor and insurance carrier shall ensure that the required records and analyses (if any) are received by the designated doctor no later than the fifth working day prior to the date of the designated doctor examination.

(D) If the designated doctor has not received the medical records or any part thereof at least three working days prior to the examination, the doctor:

(i) shall report this violation to the commission's Division of Compliance and Practices; and

(ii) may elect to reschedule the examination. The rescheduled examination shall be set for a date within fourteen days of the originally scheduled examination. Within 24 hours of rescheduling, the doctor shall contact the commission's field office and the insurance carrier with the time and date of the rescheduled examination. The doctor shall conduct the rescheduled examination regardless of whether or not the complete medical record has been timely received.

(4) To avoid undue influence on the designated doctor:

(A) only the injured employee or appropriate commission staff may communicate with the designated doctor about the case regarding the injured employee's medical condition or history prior to the examination of the injured employee by the designated doctor;

(B) after the examination is completed, communication with the designated doctor regarding the injured employee's medical condition or history may be made only through appropriate commission staff (an ombudsman is not considered appropriate staff to contact the designated doctor and should communicate with a designated doctor only through appropriate commission staff); and

(C) the designated doctor may initiate communication with any doctor who has previously treated or examined the injured employee for the work-related injury or with peer reviews identified by the insurance carrier who examined the injured employee's claim.

(5) The insurance carrier, treating doctor, injured employee, or injured employee's representative (if any) may contact the designated doctor's non-medical office staff to ask about administrative matters such as whether the designated doctor received the records, whether the exam took place, or whether the report has been filed, or similar matters. However, the injured employee's condition, MMI status, impairment rating, return to work abilities, or similar issues shall not be discussed.

(e) The insurance carrier is not entitled to a subsequent designated doctor examination relating to MMI if the designated doctor previously found the injured employee to have not reached MMI, until the earliest of:

(1) the 60th day after the prior designated doctor examination was held; or

(2) the date the insurance carrier is found by the commission to have good cause such as because "the injured employee reached the date the designated doctor estimated the injured employee would reach MMI."

(f) If either party requires clarification concerning the report of the designated doctor, the party shall file a request for clarification with the commission.

(1) If the insurance carrier is not satisfied with the opinion rendered by a designated doctor under this section, the insurance carrier may request the commission to order an injured employee to attend an examination by a doctor selected by the insurance carrier in accordance with §126.5 of this title (relating to Entitlement and Procedure for Requesting Required Medical Examinations).

(2) Either party may ask the commission to contact the designated doctor to answer specific questions provided by the requestor regarding the designated doctor's opinion.

(3) Upon receipt of a request for a benefit review conference, the commission shall resolve a dispute of the opinion of a designated doctor through the dispute resolution processes outlined in chapters 140 through 147 of this title.

§130.6.Designated Doctor Examinations for Maximum Medical Improvement and/or Impairment Ratings.

(a) A designated doctor examination for maximum medical improvement (MMI) and/or permanent whole body impairment shall be conducted in accordance with this section.

(1) Any evaluation relating to either MMI, an impairment rating or both shall be conducted in accordance with §130.1 of this section (relating to Certification of Maximum Medical Improvement and Evaluation of Permanent Impairment).

(2) The opinion of the designated doctor is given presumptive weight regarding MMI and impairment but only on the issue(s) in question or dispute. If the report contains the doctor's opinion regarding other issues (even those the commission has requested the doctor to consider), that portion of the opinion does not have presumptive weight.

(b) The designated doctor and the injured employee shall contact each other if there exists a scheduling conflict for the designated doctor appointment. The designated doctor or the injured employee who has the scheduling conflict must make the contact at least 24 hours prior to the appointment. The 24-hour requirement will be waived in an emergency situation (such as a death in the immediate family or a medical emergency). The rescheduled examination shall be set for a date within fourteen days of the originally scheduled examination unless an extension is granted by the commission's field office. Within 24 hours of rescheduling, the designated doctor shall contact the commission's field office and the insurance carrier with the time and date of the rescheduled examination.

(c) An insurance carrier may suspend temporary income benefits (TIBs) if an injured employee, without good cause, fails to attend a designated doctor examination.

(1) In the absence of a finding by the commission to the contrary, an insurance carrier may presume that the injured employee did not have good cause to fail to attend the examination if:

(A) by the day the examination was originally scheduled to occur the injured employee has both:

(i) failed to submit to the examination; and

(ii) failed to contact the designated doctor's office to reschedule the examination to occur no later than the later of the fourteenth day after the originally scheduled examination date or the doctor's first available appointment date; or

(B) after rescheduling the examination as provided in subsection (c)(1)(A)(ii) of this section, the injured employee failed to submit to the rescheduled examination.

(2) If, after the insurance carrier suspends TIBs pursuant to this section, the injured employee submits to the designated doctor examination, the insurance carrier shall reinitiate TIBs as of the date the injured employee submitted to the examination unless the report of the designated doctor indicates that the injured employee has reached MMI. The re-initiation of TIBs shall occur no later than the seventh day following the latter of:

(A) the date the insurance carrier was notified that the injured employee had attended the examination; or

(B) the date that the insurance carrier was notified that the commission found that the injured employee had good cause for failure to attend the examination.

(3) An injured employee is not entitled to TIBs for a period during which the insurance carrier suspended benefits pursuant to this section unless the injured employee later submits to the examination and the commission finds or the insurance carrier determines that the injured employee had good cause for failure to attend the examination.

(d) The designated doctor shall address the issue(s) in question and any issues the commission may request the designated doctor to consider and confine the report as described in subsection (h) of this section to only those issues.

(1) When there has been no prior certification of MMI, the designated doctor shall evaluate the injured employee for MMI, and if the doctor finds that the injured employee reached MMI, assign an impairment rating. If the designated doctor finds that the injured employee has not reached MMI, the doctor shall identify the reason that the designated doctor does not believe the injured employee to have reached MMI, and estimate the date that the injured employee will reach MMI.

(2) When there has been a prior certification of MMI and impairment rating and only the MMI date is in question, the designated doctor shall evaluate the date the injured employee reached MMI and shall not assign an impairment rating. If the certification of MMI in question was the treating doctor's certification and the designated doctor finds that the injured employee either was not at MMI or reached MMI on a date later than the treating doctor, the designated doctor shall provide an explanation with clinical documentation to support why the injured employee had not reached MMI as of the date certified by the treating doctor.

(3) When the impairment rating is the only issue in question, the doctor shall assign an impairment rating without regard to the MMI date.

(4) When MMI and permanent whole body impairment are in question and the designated doctor determines that the injured employee has not reached MMI, the designated doctor shall not assign an impairment rating. Otherwise, the doctor shall certify MMI and assign an impairment rating.

(5) When the extent of the injury may not be agreed upon by the parties (based upon documentation provided by the treating doctor and/or insurance carrier or the comments of the injured employee regarding his/her injury), the designated doctor shall provide multiple certifications of MMI and impairment ratings that take into account the various interpretations of the extent of the injury so that when the commission resolves the dispute, there is already an applicable certification of MMI and rating from which to pay benefits as required by the statute.

(e) When performing range of motion testing, if the AMA Guides specifies that additional testing be performed because of consistency requirements, the designated doctor shall reschedule testing within seven days of the first testing unless there is no clinical basis for retesting and then the designated doctor shall document this in the narrative notes with the clinical explanation for not recommending re-examination.

(f) Range of motion, sensory, and strength testing should be performed by the designated doctor, when applicable. If this testing is not performed by the designated doctor, the health care provider performing the testing must have successfully completed commission-approved training, must not have previously treated or examined the injured employee within the past 12 months, and must not have not examined or treated the injured employee with regard to the medical condition being evaluated by the designated doctor. Use of another health care provider to perform testing under this subsection shall not extend the amount of time the designated doctor has to file the report and the designated doctor is responsible for ensuring that the requirements of this chapter are complied with.

(g) For testing other than that listed in subsection (f) of this section, the designated doctor may perform additional testing or refer injured employees to other health care providers when deemed necessary to assess an impairment rating. Any additional testing required for the evaluation and rating, is not subject to preauthorization requirements in accordance with the Texas Labor Code, §413.014 (relating to Preauthorization) and additional testing must be completed within seven working days of the designated doctor's physical examination of the injured employee. Use of another health care provider to perform testing under this subsection can extend the amount of time the designated doctor has to file the report by seven working days.

(h) The designated doctor shall complete and file a Report of Medical Evaluation in accordance with §130.1 of this title (relating to Certification of Maximum Medical Improvement and Evaluation of Permanent Impairment) and 130.3 of this title (relating to Certification of Maximum Medical Improvement and Evaluation of Permanent Impairment by A Doctor Other Than The Treating Doctor).

(i) The designated doctor shall respond to any commission requests for clarification not later than the fifth working day after the date on which the doctor receives the commission's request. The doctor's response is considered to have presumptive weight as it is part of the doctor's opinion. If, in order to respond to the request for clarification, the designated doctor has to re-examine the injured employee, the doctor shall:

(1) make him/herself available to conduct the reexamination within 10 working days of receiving the request (even if it means traveling back to the location of the original examination); and

(2) respond to the request for clarification not later than the fifth working day following the reexamination.

(j) The designated doctor shall maintain accurate records, including the injured employee records, analysis (including supporting information), and narratives provided by the insurance carrier and treating doctor, to reflect:

(1) the date and time of any designated doctor appointments scheduled with injured employees;

(2) the circumstances regarding a cancellation, no-show or other situation where the examination did not occur as initially scheduled or rescheduled;

(3) the date of the examination;

(4) the date medical records were received from the treating doctor or any other person or organization;

(5) the date the medical evaluation report was submitted to all parties in accordance with §130.1 of this title (relating to Reports of Medical Evaluation: Maximum Medical Improvement and Permanent Impairment);

(6) the name of all referral health care providers, date of appointments and reason for referral by the designated doctor; and

(7) the date the doctor contacted TWCC for assistance in obtaining medical records from the insurance carrier or treating doctor.

(k) The insurance carrier shall pay any accrued income benefits, and shall begin or continue to pay weekly income benefits, in accordance with the designated doctor's report for the issue(s) in dispute, no later than five days after receipt of the report or five days after receipt of an order by the commission, whichever is earlier. If the designated doctor provided multiple certifications of MMI/impairment ratings by operation of subsection (d)(5) of this section, the insurance carrier shall pay using the certification/rating assigned based on the conditions that the insurance carrier believes are part of the compensable injury.

§130.12.Finality of the First Certification of Maximum Medical Improvement and/or First Assignment of Impairment Rating.

(a) The certifications and assignments that may become final are:

(1) The first valid certification of MMI and/or IR assigned or determination of no impairment;

(2) The first valid assignment of IR after the expiration of 104 weeks from the date income benefits begin to accrue or the expiration date of any extension under Section 408.104, if the employee has not been certified as having reached MMI; or

(3) The first valid subsequent certification of MMI and/or assignment of an IR or determination of no impairment received after the date a certification of MMI and/or assignment of an IR or determination of no impairment is overturned, modified or withdrawn by agreement of the parties or by a final decision of the commission or a court.

(4) A designated doctor may provide multiple IRs if there is a dispute over extent of injury. Whichever rating from the designated doctor applies to the compensable injury once an extent of injury (EOI) dispute has been resolved may become final if not disputed. An EOI dispute does not constitute a dispute of the MMI/IR for purposes of finality under this subsection.

(b) A first MMI/IR certification must be disputed within 90 days of delivery of written notice through verifiable means, including IRs related to EOI disputes. The notice must contain a copy of a valid Form TWCC 69, Report of Medical Evaluation, as described in subsection (c). The 90-day period begins on the day after the written notice is delivered to the party wishing to dispute a certification of MMI or an IR assignment, or both. The 90-day period may not be extended.

(1) Only an insurance carrier, an injured employee, or an injured employee's attorney or employee representative under 150.3(a) may dispute a first certification of MMI or assigned IR under §141.1 (related to Requesting and Setting a Benefit Review Conference) or by requesting the appointment of a designated doctor, if one has not been appointed.

(2) Use of the TWCC 69's non-concurrence section is not a prescribed form and manner for a dispute.

(3) A dispute may not be revoked or withdrawn to allow the first valid certification of MMI and/or the first valid assignment of IR to become final except by agreement of the parties.

(4) The first certification of maximum medical improvement and/or impairment rating may be disputed after the 90-day period as provided in §408.123(e) of the Texas Labor Code.

(c) A certification of MMI and/or IR assigned as described in subsection (a) must be on a Form TWCC 69, Report of Medical Evaluation. The certification on the Form TWCC 69 is valid if:

(1) There is an MMI date that is not prospective;

(2) There is an impairment determination of either no impairment or a percentage impairment rating assigned; and

(3) There is the signature of the certifying doctor who is authorized by the Commission under §130.1(a) to make the assigned impairment determination.

(d) This section applies only to those claims with initial MMI/IR certifications made on or after June 18, 2003.

This agency hereby certifies that the adoption has been reviewed by legal counsel and found to be a valid exercise of the agency's legal authority.

Filed with the Office of the Secretary of State on February 23, 2004.

TRD-200401263

Susan Cory

General Counsel

Texas Workers' Compensation Commission

Effective date: March 14, 2004

Proposal publication date: September 5, 2003

For further information, please call: (512) 804-4287


Subchapter B. SUPPLEMENTAL INCOME BENEFITS

28 TAC §130.110

The amendments are adopted pursuant to the Texas Labor Code §402.061, which requires the commission to adopt rules necessary for the implementation and enforcement of the Texas Workers Compensation Act; the Texas Labor Code, §401.011 which contains definitions used in the Texas Workers' Compensation Act; the Texas Labor Code, §401.024, which provides the commission the authority to require use of facsimile or other electronic means to transmit information in the system; the Texas Labor Code, §402.042, which authorizes the executive director to enter orders as authorized by the statute as well as to prescribe the form and manner and procedure for transmission of information to the commission; Texas Labor Code, §402.071 relating to authorization of representatives; Texas Labor Code §406.010, that authorizes the commission to adopt rules regarding claims service; the Texas Labor Code, §408.004 which provides for Required Medical Examinations; Texas Labor Code §408.0041 which provides for the commission assignment of a designated doctor; the Texas Labor Code §408.023 which requires the commission to develop a list of approved doctors and lay out the requirements for being on the list; the Texas Labor Code §408.0231, which provides the commission with the responsibility for maintenance of the list; the Texas Labor Code, §408.025, which requires the commission to specify by rule what reports a health care provider is required to file; the Texas Labor Code §408.102, which provides that temporary income benefits continue until the injured employee reaches maximum medical improvement; Texas Labor Code §408.104 which establishes procedures for MMI after spinal surgery; Texas Labor Code §408.122 which requires that designated doctors meet specific qualifications; the Texas Labor Code §408.123, which requires a doctor certifying maximum medical improvement to file a report and which requires a certification of MMI and assignment of an impairment rating by a doctor other than the treating doctor be sent to the treating doctor who must indicate either agreement or disagreement with the certification of the evaluation; the Texas Labor Code §408.124, which provides the commission the authority to by rule adopt the fourth edition of the "Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment" published by the American Medical Association to determine the existence and degree of an injured employee's impairment; the Texas Labor Code §408.125 which provides the process for disputing impairment ratings; the Texas Labor Code §408.151, which provides for required medical examinations for supplemental income benefits; Texas Labor Code §410.004 which requires dispute resolution proceedings within the commission; Texas Labor Code §410.169 which addresses the effect of a contested case hearing decision; Texas Labor Code §410.251 which allows judicial review after administrative remedies have been exhausted; and Texas Labor Code §415.031 which addresses initiation of administrative violation proceedings.

§130.110.Return to Work Disputes During Supplemental Income Benefits; Designated Doctor.

(a) This section applies only to disputes regarding whether an injured employee whose medical condition prevented the injured employee from returning to work in the prior year has improved sufficiently to allow the injured employee to return to work on or after the second anniversary of the injured employee's initial entitlement to supplemental income benefits (SIBs). Upon request by the injured employee or insurance carrier, or upon its own motion, the commission shall appoint a designated doctor to resolve the dispute. The report of the designated doctor shall have presumptive weight unless the great weight of the other medical evidence is to the contrary. The presumptive weight afforded the designated doctor's report shall begin the date the report is received by the commission and shall continue:

(1) until proven otherwise by the great weight of the other medical evidence; or

(2) until the designated doctor amends his/her report based on newly provided medical or physical evidence.

(b) A dispute exists if there is conflicting medical or physical evidence that has not been previously considered in a prior dispute under this section that indicates the injured employee's medical condition has improved sufficiently to allow the injured employee to return to work. Medical evidence consists of medical reports or records that are generated as a result of a hands-on examination of the injured employee. Physical evidence may consist of, but is not limited to, videotaped activities, evidence of wage earning capabilities (i.e., payroll information), or reports from a private provider of vocational rehabilitation services or the Texas Rehabilitation Commission.

(c) A party who wishes to seek the appointment of a designated doctor to resolve the dispute shall make a request to the commission.

(d) The request for a designated doctor from an insurance carrier or an injured employee's representative must be in writing and provided to the commission in the form, format and manner prescribed by the commission. A request for a designated doctor from an unrepresented injured employee may be submitted in any manner.

(e) If a designated doctor has been appointed to resolve a prior dispute regarding maximum medical improvement and/or impairment rating, that doctor may not be appointed to resolve the dispute(s) regarding whether the injured employee's medical condition has improved sufficiently to allow the injured employee to return to work.

(f) The commission shall select the next available doctor from the commission's designated doctor list, which is, to the extent possible, in the same discipline and licensed by the same board of examiners as the injured employee's treating doctor of choice at the time of the finding of change in the injured employee's medical condition which would allow the injured employee to return to work and who has not previously treated or examined the injured employee with regard to the medical condition being evaluated by the designated doctor. A doctor selected under this section shall serve as the designated doctor for all dispute(s) raised under this section unless that doctor is unable or unwilling to act in that capacity.

(g) The designated doctor and the injured employee shall contact each other if there exists a scheduling conflict for the designated doctor appointment. The designated doctor or the injured employee who has the scheduling conflict must make the contact at least 24 hours prior to the appointment. The 24-hour requirement will be waived in an emergency situation (such as a death in the immediate family or a medical emergency). The rescheduled examination shall be set for a date within seven days of the originally scheduled examination unless an extension is granted by the field office managing the claim. Within 24 hours of rescheduling, the designated doctor shall contact the commission field office and the insurance carrier with the time and date of the rescheduled examination. If the designated doctor is not able to timely reschedule the examination, the designated doctor shall contact the commission field office and the insurance carrier within 24 hours of the refused examination. The commission shall then either grant an extension of not more than seven days or select a different designated doctor to perform the examination and resolve the dispute.

(h) The treating doctor and insurance carrier shall send to the designated doctor without the requirement of a signed release from the injured employee, all the injured employee's medical evidence in their possession relating to the medical condition to be evaluated by the designated doctor. Either party may submit with this medical evidence an analysis, a videotape or other physical evidence it would like the designated doctor to review which may indicate the injured employee's medical condition has improved or has not improved sufficiently to allow the injured employee to return to work. An analysis may include supporting information such as marked copies of medical records, provided the original medical record is left intact and unmarked. If the insurance carrier sends an analysis or physical evidence to the designated doctor, the insurance carrier shall send a copy to the treating doctor, the injured employee, and the injured employee's representative (if any). If the treating doctor sends an analysis or physical evidence to the designated doctor, the treating doctor shall send a copy to the insurance carrier, the injured employee, and the injured employee's representative (if any). The designated doctor is authorized to receive the injured employee's confidential medical and physical evidence provided by either party to assist in the resolution of whether the injured employee's medical condition has improved sufficiently to allow the injured employee to return to work. The medical evidence must not contain any marks, highlights, or other alterations placed on such records for the purpose of communicating with or influencing the designated doctor. The medical and physical evidence must be received by the designated doctor at least three days prior to the date of the appointment as specified in the commission order. If the medical evidence is marked, highlighted, altered, or unrelated to the medical condition to be evaluated by the designated doctor, the designated doctor shall notify the commission and report the noncompliance of the treating doctor and/or insurance carrier. If the designated doctor has not received the medical evidence at least three days prior to the examination, the designated doctor's office shall notify the commission at the appropriate field office and the appropriate commission staff will send an order to the treating doctor and/or insurance carrier for the delivery of medical evidence.

(i) To avoid undue influence on a person selected as a designated doctor in accordance with Texas Labor Code, §408.125, only the injured employee or an appropriate member of the staff of the commission may communicate with the designated doctor about the case regarding the injured employee's medical condition or history prior to the examination of the injured employee by the designated doctor. After that examination is completed, communication with the designated doctor regarding the injured employee's medical condition or history may be made only through appropriate commission staff members. An ombudsman and an ombudsman's assistant are not considered appropriate staff to contact the designated doctor and should communicate with a designated doctor only through appropriate commission personnel. The designated doctor may initiate communication with any doctor who has previously treated or examined the injured employee for the work-related injury or with peer reviewers, identified by the insurance carrier, who examined the injured employee's claim. The insurance carrier, treating doctor, injured employee, or injured employee's representative (if any) may contact the designated doctor's non-medical office staff to ask about administrative matters such as whether the designated doctor received the records, whether the exam took place, or whether the report has been filed, or similar matters. However, the injured employee's condition, MMI status, impairment rating, return to work abilities, or similar issues shall not be discussed.

(j) The designated doctor shall review all medical and physical evidence provided by the insurance carrier and treating doctor and shall perform a hands-on examination. The designated doctor shall give the evidence reviewed the weight he/she feels is appropriate. Following the examination, the designated doctor shall prepare a report, in the form and manner prescribed by the commission, of his/her findings regarding whether the injured employee's medical condition has improved sufficiently to allow the injured employee to return to work.

(k) The designated doctor shall file the report with the commission in the form and manner required by the commission, so that it is received by the commission not later than the seventh day after the completion of the examination of the injured employee. At the same time it is filed with the commission, the designated doctor shall provide a copy of the report by facsimile or electronic transmission to the injured employee, the injured employee's representative, if any, and the insurance carrier, unless the recipient does not have a means of receiving the transmission, in which case the report shall be sent by mail or personal delivery.

(l) The designated doctor may perform additional testing or refer the injured employee to other health care providers when deemed necessary to find whether the injured employee's medical condition has improved sufficiently to allow the injured employee to return to work. Necessary additional testing is not subject to the preauthorization requirements in the Texas Labor Code, §413.014 (relating to Preauthorization) and additional testing must be completed within seven days of the designated doctor's physical examination of the injured employee.

(m) The designated doctor shall maintain accurate records, including the injured employee records, physical evidence, and narratives provided by the insurance carrier and the treating doctor, to reflect:

(1) the date and time of any designated doctor appointments scheduled with injured employees;

(2) the circumstances regarding a cancellation, no-show or other situation where the examination did not occur as initially scheduled or rescheduled;

(3) the date of the examination and any testing;

(4) the date medical and physical evidence was received from the treating doctor or insurance carrier or any other person or organization;

(5) the date the medical evaluation/work status report was submitted to all parties in accordance with subsection (k) of this section; and

(6) the name of all referral health care providers, dates of referral, dates of appointments and testing dates results were received, and reason(s) for referral by the designated doctor.

This agency hereby certifies that the adoption has been reviewed by legal counsel and found to be a valid exercise of the agency's legal authority.

Filed with the Office of the Secretary of State on February 23, 2004.

TRD-200401264

Susan Cory

General Counsel

Texas Workers' Compensation Commission

Effective date: March 14, 2004

Proposal publication date: September 5, 2003

For further information, please call: (512) 804-4287


Chapter 132. DEATH BENEFITS--DEATH AND BURIAL BENEFITS

28 TAC §132.17

The Texas Workers' Compensation Commission (the commission) adopts amendments to §132.17 (regarding denial, dispute and payment of death benefits), with changes to the proposed text published in the September 5, 2003, issue of the Texas Register (28 TexReg 7616).

As required by the Government Code §2001.033(1), the commission's reasoned justification for this rule is set out in this order, which includes the preamble, which in turn includes the rule. This preamble contains a summary of the factual basis of the rule, a summary of comments received from interested parties, names of those groups and associations who commented and whether they were for or against adoption of the rule, and the reasons why the commission agrees or disagrees with some of the comments and proposals.

The amendments are adopted to implement a change made to Texas Labor Code §409.021 by the 78th Texas Legislature, 2003, which changed from seven to fifteen days the time frame within which a carrier must either begin payment of death benefits or file a notice of dispute. Section 132.17(f) is amended to comply with this statutory change.

The rule is also amended by adding new subsection (h) to clarify that the new 15-day time frame applies only to compensable injuries that occurred on or after September 1, 2003. This is a change from the text of the rule as proposed.

Comments indicating support of the proposed amendment to §132.17 were received from the following group or association: Insurance Council of Texas.

Comments neither specifically opposing nor in favor of the proposed amendment to §132.17, but offering suggestions, were received from the following group or association: Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co.

The comment and commission response are summarized as follows:

Comment: Commenter recommends adding language to subsection (b) to state, " . . . except in no instance shall the 60 day limit apply to bar dispute of a claim based on false or misleading information regardless of the date of discovery." Although commenter did not indicate where, in subsection (b), this language should be added, it is the commission's understanding that the commenter recommends inserting the additional language at the end of the last sentence in subsection (b).

Response: The Commission disagrees. The recommended language would conflict with §124.3(c) of the commission's rules and Texas Labor Code §409.021, which provide that the issue of compensability may only be reopened if there is a finding that the evidence on which the denial is based could not reasonably have been discovered earlier. These provisions do not allow a waiver of the 60-day requirement if evidence of false or misleading information is known prior to the expiration of the 60 days. Moreover, under Texas Labor Code §415.008(a), a person commits a violation if that person obtains benefits by knowingly making false or misleading statements or misrepresents or conceals material facts; and Texas Labor Code §415.008(e) prohibits the commission from taking final action on benefits if such an administrative proceeding is pending. Thus, if a carrier does reopen the issue of compensability and dispute a claim based on an allegation of false or misleading information, the carrier may also submit a complaint to the commission alleging a violation of §415.008(a), thereby allowing the issue of compensability to resolve itself in this manner.

The amendment is adopted pursuant to the Texas Labor Code, §402.061, which authorizes the commission to adopt rules as necessary for the implementation and enforcement of the Texas Workers' Compensation Act, Texas Labor Code §401.001 et seq.; Texas Labor Code §401.011 which provides definitions used in the Texas Workers' Compensation Act; Texas Labor Code §408.181, which requires an insurance carrier to pay death benefits to the legal beneficiary if a compensable injury results in death; and Texas Labor Code, §409.021, relating to an insurance carrier's right to contest the compensability of an injury in a workers' compensation case.

§132.17.Denial, Dispute, and Payment of Death Benefits.

(a) Upon being notified of a death resulting from an injury, the insurance carrier (carrier) shall: investigate whether the death was a result of the injury and, if the carrier has not already done so in compliance with §124.3 of this title (relating to Investigation of an Injury and Notice of Denial/Dispute) due to the injury being reported separately, conduct an investigation relating to the compensability of the death, the carrier's liability for the death, and the accrual of benefits. The carrier shall have 60 days from notification of the death or from written notice of the injury that resulted in the death (whichever is greater) to conduct its investigation.

(b) If the carrier believes that it is not liable for the death or that the death was not compensable, the carrier shall file the notice of denial of a claim (notice of denial) in the form and manner required by §124.2 of this title (relating to Carrier Reporting and Notification Requirements). If the notice of denial is not filed by the 60th day as required, the carrier may not raise an issue of compensability or liability and is liable for any benefits that accrued and shall initiate benefits in accordance with this section.

(c) A carrier that is made aware of a death under subsection (a) of this section shall attempt to identify all potential beneficiaries, other than the subsequent injury fund (SIF), and the carrier shall maintain documentation relating to its attempt to identify potential beneficiaries.

(d) A carrier that identifies or becomes aware of a potential beneficiary shall notify the potential beneficiary of potential entitlement to benefits, using a plain language notice containing language and content prescribed by the Commission. This notice shall be sent within seven days of the date the carrier identified or was otherwise made aware of the identity and means of contacting the potential beneficiary.

(e) If the carrier receives a claim for death benefits in accordance with §122.100 of this title (relating to Claim for Death Benefits), the carrier shall review the evidence provided by the beneficiary to determine whether the person is entitled to death benefits as provided in §132.2 through §132.6 of this title (relating to Determination of Facts of Dependent Status; Eligibility of Spouse to Receive Death Benefits; Eligibility of a Child to Receive Death Benefits; Eligibility of a Grandchild to Receive Death Benefits; Eligibility of Other Surviving Dependents to Receive Death Benefits).

(f) If the carrier believes the claimant is eligible to receive death benefits, the carrier shall begin payment of death benefits. If the carrier believes that the claimant is not eligible to receive death benefits, the carrier shall file the notice of dispute of eligibility (notice of dispute) in the form and manner required by §124.2 of this title (relating to Carrier Reporting and Notification Requirements).

(1) The carrier shall either begin the payment of death benefits or file the notice of dispute not later than the 15th day after the latest of:

(A) receiving the claim for death benefits;

(B) final adjudication of the carrier's denial of compensability or liability under §124.2 and subsection (b) of this section; or

(C) the expiration of the carrier's right to deny compensability/liability under subsection (a) of this section.

(2) If the notice of dispute is not filed within 15 days as required, the carrier is liable for and shall pay all benefits that had accrued and were payable prior to the date the carrier files the notice of dispute and only then is the carrier permitted to suspend payment of benefits.

(g) If the carrier has filed a notice of denial prior to receipt of a claim for death benefits, the carrier shall provide a copy of the previously filed notice of denial to the claimant within seven days of receipt of the claim for death benefits.

(h) The 15-day timeframe provided for in subsection (f) of this section applies only to claims for benefits based on compensable injuries that occurred on or after September 1, 2003. For claims based on compensable injuries that occurred prior to September 1, 2003, the applicable timeframe in subsection (f) of this section is seven days.

This agency hereby certifies that the adoption has been reviewed by legal counsel and found to be a valid exercise of the agency's legal authority.

Filed with the Office of the Secretary of State on February 23, 2004.

TRD-200401265

Susan Cory

General Counsel

Texas Workers' Compensation Commission

Effective date: March 14, 2004

Proposal publication date: September 5, 2003

For further information, please call: (512) 804-4287


Chapter 134. BENEFITS--GUIDELINES FOR MEDICAL SERVICES, CHARGES, AND PAYMENTS

Subchapter F. PHARMACEUTICAL BENEFITS

28 TAC §134.503, §134.504

The Texas Workers' Compensation Commission (the commission) adopts amendments to §134.503 and §134.504 with no changes to the proposed text published in the October 31, 2003, issue of the Texas Register (28 TexReg 9413).

As required by the Government Code §2001.033(1), the commission's reasoned justification for these rules is set out in this order, which includes the preamble, which in turn includes the rules. This preamble contains a summary of the factual basis of the rules, a summary of comments received from interested parties, names of those groups and associations who commented and whether they were for or against adoption of the rules, and the reasons why the commission disagrees with some of the comments and proposals.

The commission held a Public Hearing on December 17, 2003 regarding the proposed changes to §134.503 and §134.504. No changes were made to proposed rules in response to public comment received in writing and from the Public Hearing.

These amendments to §134.503 and §134.504 are made to implement a statutory change enacted by the 78th Texas Legislature, 2003, pursuant to House Bill 833 (HB833), which provides a means for an injured employee to be responsible for paying the difference between the cost of the brand name drug and the cost of the generic pharmaceutical drug or the cost of an over-the-counter alternative to a prescription drug. The injured employee may not seek reimbursement for the difference in cost from an insurance carrier and is not entitled to use the medical dispute resolution provisions of Chapter 413 of the Texas Labor Code with regard to the amount charged by the health care provider. As a result of this new statutory language, a health care provider's receipt of payment from an injured employee does not violate §413.042 of the Texas Labor Code concerning Private Claims; Administrative Violation. There is no change to the duty of a health care provider to prescribe generic prescription drugs when available and clinically appropriate and to prescribe over the counter medications in lieu of a prescription drug when clinically appropriate.

More specifically, these amendments allow an injured employee to purchase a brand name drug rather than a generic pharmaceutical medication or over-the-counter alternative to a prescription medication if a health care provider prescribes a generic pharmaceutical medication or an over-the-counter alternative to a prescription medication.

Section 134.503(b), regarding Reimbursement Methodology, establishes the manner in which a pharmacist should dispense a drug when it is prescribed or when a prescription does not require the use of a brand name drug; it also establishes the manner in which a pharmacist should dispense a brand name drug when the injured employee chooses to receive a brand name drug instead of the prescribed generic drug. The rule as amended allows an injured employee to decline a generic drug and to opt for a brand name drug by agreeing to pay the additional cost.

Section 134.504, regarding Pharmaceutical Expenses Incurred by the Injured Employee, addresses the requirements to provide a means in which the injured employee is responsible for paying the difference between the cost of the brand name drug and the cost of the generic pharmaceutical medication, or of an over-the-counter alternative to a prescription medication. Section 134.504(b), as amended, addresses the statutory prohibitions against an injured employee's seeking reimbursement for the difference in cost from an insurance carrier or use of the medical dispute resolution provisions of Chapter 413 with regard to the prescription. Section 134.504(b) provides the process and the responsibilities of the dispensing health care provider, the injured employee and the insurance carrier when an injured employee chooses to pay the difference in cost between generic and brand name drugs.

In addition to adopting these amended rules pursuant to Texas Labor Code §408.028(e) and HB833, the commission is concurrently proposing separate rule amendments related to §134.800, concerning Required Billing Forms and Information, and §134.802, concerning Insurance Carrier's Submission of Medical Bills to the Commission, which are also necessary to assist pharmacies in submitting claim information, as required by HB-833.

Comments supporting the proposed rule amendments were received from the following groups or associations: Apollo Enterprises, Inc.; Working Rx, Inc.; Insurance Council of Texas; PMSI; and Texas Pharmacy Association.

Comments opposing the proposed amendment to §134.503 and §134.504 were received from the following groups or associations: Apollo Enterprises, Inc.; Working Rx, Inc.; EZRX, Pharmacies; Medifax EDI; Pharmacy Management Company; Pharmacy Management Corporation; PMSI; and ReCept Pharmacy LP.

In addition to supporting or opposing various portions of the rules, commenters made suggestions for improvements to the rules or asked for clarification on certain points. Such comments containing recommendations were received from the following groups or associations: Apollo Enterprises, Inc. and Working Rx, Inc.; PMSI; and Texas Mutual Insurance Company.

Summaries of the comments and commission responses are as follows:

§134.503 and §134.504 - General

COMMENT: Commenters expressed concern that the injured employee is currently allowed to receive brand name drugs with no out-of-pocket expense, indicating that it would be very difficult to encourage an injured employee to change to a generic prescription later in the course of therapy. Also, commenter indicated that, on average, the cost of a brand name drug is $100 more per prescription than the generic drug. Commenter stated this would lead to the injured employee's convincing the treating doctor to write future prescriptions for brand name drugs, resulting in an unintended overutilization of brand name drugs and, therefore, increased system costs.

RESPONSE: The commission recognizes that in some cases the cost difference between generic and brand name drugs may be significant, which is a factor to be considered by the employee in making the decision between the two drugs. By requiring the dispensing health care provider to calculate the cost difference between the two drugs, §134.504(b) allows the injured employee to have the information necessary to make an informed purchasing decision. The commission disagrees with the commenter's prediction that the injured employee will encourage the prescribing health care provider to write future prescriptions for brand name drugs. This is because Texas Labor Code §408.028(e), which mandates these rule amendments, specifically states that it does not affect the duty of a health care provider to comply with another requirement of Texas Labor Code §408.028, to use generic pharmaceutical medications and clinically appropriate over-the-counter alternatives to prescription medications unless otherwise specified by the prescribing doctor.

COMMENT: Commenters maintain that the amended rules will lead to increased payment disputes and subsequent denials because they require pharmacies to calculate the price of a drug that was prescribed but not dispensed, and then calculate the price of a drug that was dispensed but not prescribed. Commenters argued that these additional calculations, together with notifying and collecting the price difference from the injured employee, tracking the billed versus dispensed amounts, and managing the differences in accounts receivable records will place an undue administrative burden on pharmacies which, ultimately, may cause pharmacies to refuse to accept workers' compensation patients.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees that the amended rules will produce more medical fee disputes, because the rules provide a calculation methodology for the cost difference of generic and brand name drugs. Indeed, there should be fewer such disputes because §408.028(e) of the Act does not allow the injured employee to seek reimbursement for the difference in cost from an insurance carrier or use the medical dispute resolution process with regard to the prescription. For these same reasons, it is imperative that the amount paid by the injured employee be as accurate as possible and that the injured employee be able to make an informed decision about whether to accept the prescribed generic drug or over-the-counter alternative, or choose to pay for the difference in cost between the brand name drug and the generic drug or over-the-counter alternative. While the commission acknowledges that the amended rules may create additional work for the pharmacist, it also recognizes that the legislature, in requiring these rule amendments, has weighed the competing concerns of the pharmacist and the injured employee and found that, on balance, the needs of the injured employee outweigh any potential negative impact on the pharmacist.

COMMENT: Commenters opposed the rule amendments, requesting that the commission delay their implementation or withdraw them until their impact can fully be evaluated and until simultaneous changes to the billing regulations can be adopted. Commenters further asserted that the commission does not have the authority to implement one section of HB833, regarding pharmaceutical benefits, without implementing other provisions of HB833, regarding provider billing procedures.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees. HB833 requires the commission to adopt the rules regarding pharmaceutical benefits by March 1, 2004; a separate provision of HB833 requires the commission, in adopting these amended rules, to make any necessary changes to the commission's rules under §134.800 to assist pharmacies in complying with the change in law made by HB833. The commission is proposing, concurrently with the adoption of these rule amendments, changes to §§134.800 and 134.802 that are necessary for pharmacy and system-wide billing procedures.

COMMENT: Commenters stated the commission has failed to draft proposed rules that implement all the provisions of HB833, and thus has failed to meet the legislative intent.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees. HB833 establishes different time requirements for rule development in separate sections of the bill. HB833 Section 2 (b) requires the commission to adopt, not later than six months after the date a rulemaking petition is submitted to the commission, rules that clearly define the methodology for determining payment amounts for prescription drugs under the Act. A rulemaking petition has not yet been submitted to the commission.

COMMENT: Commenter opposed the rules as proposed indicating that the focus of HB833 is to give the injured employee the ability to choose a brand name drug over a prescribed generic drug. Commenter stated that injured employees who choose to receive brand name drug might experience financial costs. Commenter further indicated that the proposed rules will not expand this access to brand name drugs and will cause significant financial impact to the injured employee and increased costs to the system.

RESPONSE: The commission recognizes that the injured employee's choice to select a brand name drug over a generic drug will result in an expense to the injured employee and, in some cases, the cost difference between generic and brand name drugs may be significant, which is a factor to be considered by the injured employee when deciding whether to choose the brand name drug. However, the commission disagrees that these rules will not expand the injured employee's access to brand name drugs. Through these rule amendments, the injured employee is now provided with an expanded option to purchase a brand name drug, when the Act and rules did not previously allow this option.

COMMENT: Commenters opposed the rule amendments, asserting that they will lead to increased billing problems due to the current design of current TWCC Form 66a, which only provides a space to show the drug dispensed, when the reimbursement to the provider will be based on the drug prescribed. Commenter recommended a change to TWCC Form 66a that adds a box for the pharmacist to indicate if the prescription is for a generic drug and the injured employee has selected a brand name drug.

RESPONSE: The commission agrees with the need to revise the commission pharmacy billing form. The commission pharmacy billing form will be revised when these amended rules are adopted. The revised form will contain information fields appropriate to the requirements of these amended rules. The revised commission pharmacy billing form will be available on the commission website, www.twcc.state.tx.us , and through the commission Publications Office.

§134.503(b)

COMMENT: Commenters objected to the phrase, "the pharmacist shall dispense," found in §134.503(b)(1), asserting that it indicates the pharmacist has no choice whether or not to participate in the workers' compensation system. Commenters maintain that pharmacists may, in fact, make that choice.

RESPONSE: The commission agrees with commenters' observation that pharmacists may choose whether or not to participate in the Texas workers' compensation system. The commission disagrees, however, that the phrase, "the pharmacist shall dispense," indicates otherwise. Should a pharmacist decline to fill prescriptions for workers' compensation patients who wish to have a brand name drug instead of the prescribed generic drug or over-the-counter alternative, the pharmacist will have no obligation to dispense any drug and would, in that particular instance, decline to participate. There is no prohibition against the pharmacist's exercising this discretion. Therefore, the phrase simply relates to the pharmacist who chooses to dispense the brand name drug when the injured employee so requests -- and, thus, chooses to participate in the system.

COMMENT: Commenters objected, generally, to the changes to §134.503(b)(2), stating that the calculations caused by the proposed methodology will cause pharmacies to lose profit margins by dispensing brand name drugs and then collecting the difference and billing for the generic drug.

RESPONSE: The commission acknowledges that the amended rules may potentially affect the pharmacist's profit margin. However, commenters provided no calculations or other evidence to demonstrate to the commission that their profit margins would, in fact, be negatively impacted or the extent to which they would be negatively impacted. On the contrary, at least one commenter cited a $100 difference in cost, on average, between generic and brand name drugs for workers' compensation patients; based on this information, the commission might just as likely conclude that any increased workload or administrative burden the amended rules might impose on the pharmacist will be outweighed by the potential for increased earnings. The commission also recognizes that the legislature, in requiring these rule amendments, has weighed the competing concerns of the pharmacist and the injured employee and has either determined that there will not be a negative impact on the pharmacist such as that described by the commenters or that, on balance, the need of the injured employee to have greater access to brand name drugs outweighs any potential negative impact on the pharmacist.

COMMENT: Commenters opposed the proposed rule amendments because of the cost of software changes that will be necessary to accurately reflect billed versus dispensed drugs under this methodology. Commenter asserted that, in most cases, the time it takes a pharmacy to fill two prescriptions but be reimbursed for only one will be more costly to the pharmacies than the profit margins gained by providing prescription services.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees in part. The commission acknowledges there may be initial transition costs for some dispensing health care providers to adjust their billing software. However, as stated above, the legislature, in requiring these rule amendments, has weighed the competing concerns of the pharmacist and the injured employee and has either determined that, on balance, the need of the injured employee to have greater access to brand name drugs outweighs any potential negative fiscal impact to the pharmacist associated with the required software changes.

COMMENT: Commenters opposed the amended rules without any modification to the TWCC Form 66a because, they assert, the rules establish a requirement for a pharmacist to dispense one item and bill for another, creating a potential for inaccurate reporting of controlled substance inventories that would be in violation of other regulatory requirements, such as those of the federal Drug Enforcement Agency, the Texas Department of Public Safety, and the Texas Board of Pharmacy; and an appearance of fraudulent activity.

RESPONSE: The commission agrees with the need to revise the commission pharmacy billing form. The commission pharmacy billing form will be revised when these amended rules are adopted. The revised form will contain information fields appropriate to the requirements of the amended rules and other requirements such as DEA policies. The revised commission pharmacy billing form will be available on the commission website, www.twcc.state.tx.us , and through the commission Publications Office.

COMMENT: Commenter opposed the proposed rule because it is not optimal for the injured employee and is unfair to expect the injured employee to pay the cost difference of a brand name drug over the cost of the prescribed generic drug.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees, to the extent that these amended rules are mandated by §408.028(e) of the Act and HB833. The commission recognizes that in some cases the cost difference between generic and brand name drugs may be significant, which is a factor to be considered by the injured employee when opting to choose the brand name drug. The commission also points out that if the brand name drug is medically necessary, the prescribing health care provider has ability to prescribe the brand name drug as provided in commission §134.502(a)(3).

COMMENT: Commenters expressed various opinions either unrelated or remotely related to these rule amendments. Commenter asserted that if a medical doctor prescribes the medication, then the carrier should be required to accept the medical charge. Commenter opined that generic or brand name drugs or holistic supplements should be the decision of the treating doctor as the system participant most familiar with the injured employee's complete medical picture relating to the injury, and should be paid by the carrier. Commenter stated that it is unfair for the injured employee to have the carrier stop payment on medications.

RESPONSE: These opinions are beyond the scope of these rule amendments and, therefore, will not be addressed.

COMMENT: Commenter recommended adding language to the end of §134.503(b)(2), to provide that when an injured employee chooses to receive a brand name drug, the pharmacist shall " . . . send the carrier the NDC number for the generic drug prescribed and the NDC number for the brand name dispensed." Commenter also recommended that a space be added to the TWCC Form 66a for the pharmacist to report National Drug Codes (NDCs) for both generic and brand name drugs.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees that the rule requires the recommended additional language but does agree that the TWCC Form 66a, the commission pharmacy billing form, should be revised to provide for the requirement of the NDC numbers for the generic drug prescribed and brand name drug dispensed.

COMMENT: Commenters recommended deleting subparagraphs (A) and (B) from §134.503(b)(2) and substituting the following language: "by the employee for the entire fee established for the brand name drug in accordance with §134.503(a)(2) of this title."

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees. Section 408.028 of the Act, as amended by HB833, states that the injured employee is be responsible for paying the difference between the cost of the brand name drug and the cost of the generic pharmaceutical medication or of an over-the-counter alternative to a prescription medication. There is no statutory provision for the injured employee to pay the entire fee established for the brand name drug.

§134.504(b)

COMMENT: Commenter recommended that language be added to subsection (b) that requires the injured employee to pay the full cost of brand name drugs and to seek reimbursement from the employer, insurance carrier, or claims administrator. Commenter further suggested that the pharmacist would then only need to provide receipts and documentation to assist the injured employee in obtaining this reimbursement from the carrier.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees. Section 408.028 of the Act, as amended by HB833, does not give the commission the discretion to adopt a rule that includes the recommended language.

These amendments are adopted pursuant to Texas Labor Code §402.042, which authorizes the Executive Director to enter orders as authorized by the statute as well as to prescribe the form and manner and procedure for transmission of information to the commission; Texas Labor Code §402.061, which authorizes the commission to adopt rules necessary to administer the Act; Texas Labor Code §406.010, which authorizes the commission to adopt rules necessary to specify the requirements for carriers to provide claims service and establishes that a person commits a violation if the person violates a rule adopted under this section; Texas Labor Code §408.021(a), which provides that an employee who sustains a compensable injury is entitled to all health care reasonably required by the nature of the injury as and when needed; Texas Labor Code §408.025, which requires the commission to specify by rule what reports a health care provider is required to file; and Texas Labor Code §408.028, which requires health care practitioners providing care to an employee to prescribe any necessary prescription drugs in accordance with applicable state law.

These amended rules are adopted under: Texas Labor Code §402.042, §402.061, §406.010, §408.021(a), §408.025, and §408.028.

The previously cited sections of the Texas Labor Code are affected by this adopted rule action. No other code, statute, or article is affected by this rule action.

This agency hereby certifies that the adoption has been reviewed by legal counsel and found to be a valid exercise of the agency's legal authority.

Filed with the Office of the Secretary of State on February 23, 2004.

TRD-200401262

Susan Cory

General Counsel

Texas Workers' Compensation Commission

Effective date: March 14, 2004

Proposal publication date: October 31, 2003

For further information, please call: (512) 804-4287


Subchapter G. PROSPECTIVE AND CONCURRENT REVIEW OF HEALTH CARE

28 TAC §134.600

The Texas Workers' Compensation Commission (the commission) adopts amendments to §134.600 concerning Preauthorization, Concurrent Review, and Voluntary Certification of Health Care with changes to the proposed text published in the September 5, 2003, issue of Texas Register , (28 TexReg 7617). These amendments clarify the rule and reinstate the exemption from preauthorization requirements for work hardening and/or work conditioning programs approved for exemption by the commission. Preauthorization continues to be required for work hardening and work conditioning programs which are not approved for exemption by the commission, and for all work hardening and work conditioning programs initiated during a certain time period as discussed elsewhere in this preamble.

As required by the Government Code §2001.033(l), the commission's reasoned justification for this rule is set out in this order, which includes the preamble, which in turn includes the rule. This preamble contains a summary of the factual basis of the rule, a summary of comments received from interested parties, names of those groups and associations who commented and whether they were for or against adoption of the rule, and the reasons why the commission disagrees with some of the comments and recommendations.

Prospective review is one aspect of utilization control. It is statutorily mandated (§413.014), and preauthorization of the listed categories of health care, including those that are potentially over-utilized, remains a priority with the commission.

Subsection (e) requires that preauthorization of health care listed in subsection (h) must have been obtained prior to providing the health care and outlines the procedure for requesting preauthorization or concurrent review. Subparagraph (B) of subsection (e)(2) has been amended to require that a request shall include both the number of specific health care treatments and the specific period of time requested to complete the treatments. This change is made in order to maintain consistency with changes to subsection (f)(5)(B) discussed below.

Subsection (f) addresses requirements for an insurance carrier response to a request for preauthorization or concurrent review. Paragraph (5) outlines the items carriers must include in an approval. As recommended through public comments, language has been added to subsection (f)(5)(B) to require that an approval include both the "number of requested health care treatments and the requested specific period of time to complete the treatments approved." This provision will provide clarity of the time period in which the preauthorized medical treatment or service will be provided. A time period for completion promotes the timely delivery of treatment as well as the injured employee's recovery and return to work. The health care provider and carrier may discuss and mutually agree to change elements in the request. If a change is not agreed upon, the request must be approved or denied as originally submitted.

No changes were made from proposal to subsection (f)(7), which clarifies that a carrier shall not withdraw an approval once issued. System participants reported to the commission that some carriers are rescinding and/or withdrawing an approval for a service or treatment, causing health care providers to incur expenses for the processing, preparing for and delivering health care for which the health care provider is not reimbursed. This rule clarification should also promote timely, reasonable and medically necessary care to the injured employee.

Some carriers are unilaterally imposing conditions or limitations on preauthorization approvals. Subsection (f)(8) as proposed and adopted clarifies that a carrier may not change any element of the request without the requestor's concurrence. A requirement to document a mutual agreement has been added to the proposed text. If a change is not agreed upon, the request must be approved or denied as originally submitted. Since amendments to subsections (e)(2)(B) and (f)(5)(B) require the specific period of time requested to complete the treatments be included in the request and the approval, changes to (f)(8) as proposed were necessary. The reference to start and end dates in (f)(8) has been deleted because it is no longer necessary since the provision added to (e)(2)(B) and (f)(5)(B) establishes the period of time requested and approved to complete treatment.

Subsection (g) of the rule addresses the steps and required time frames in the event of a denial of preauthorization or concurrent review. Since implementation of this amended rule in January 2002, system participants and stakeholders have reported inconsistencies in the application of this provision. Possibly because of misinterpretations of the existing rule, some requestors are waiting 15+ days and resubmitting the very same request after the initial request has been denied, or submitting requests for the same health care every 45 days without first going through the IRO process. Consequently, to clarify the intent of the existing rule, subsection (g)(4) is amended to provide that a request for preauthorization of the same health care shall only be resubmitted when the requestor provides objective documentation to support that a substantial change in the employee's medical condition has occurred. In addition, language was added to subsection (g)(4) as proposed to require that the carrier review the documentation and determine if a substantial change in the employee's medical condition has occurred. A carrier who misapplies this part of the process is subject to enforcement action pursuant to the Act including Chapter 415, as this could constitute an unreasonable dispute as to reasonableness and necessity of health care and/or a denial of preauthorization in a manner that is not in accord with these rules, or other prohibited action. Health care providers who continue to submit duplicate or multiple requests for the same health care without documentation to support that a substantial change in the employee's condition has occurred are subject to review by the Compliance and Practices Division and review by the Medical Advisor in accordance with §§413.0511 (relating to the Medical Advisor) and 413.0512 (relating to the Medical Quality Review Panel). This clarification should decrease duplicate resubmissions, therefore, reducing costs to carriers and ultimately to employers and the system.

Changes were made from proposal to subsection (h) of the rule, which lists the categories of health care that require preauthorization by the carrier. The commission is mandated by §413.014(c)(2) to require preauthorization of work hardening and/or work conditioning programs that have not been approved for exemption by the commission. As proposed, subsection (h)(9) would have continue the exemption of the Commission for the Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF) accredited work hardening/work conditioning programs from the preauthorization process, which terminated on December 31, 2003. Because of the timing of this adoption the commission CARF exemption was not valid for services initiated on or after January 1, 2004 and prior to March 15, 2004. The rule as adopted reinstates the exemption and allows the commission to continue to gather information to determine the impact the exemption has on medical and indemnity costs and the injured employee's health care. Information may be collected through data calls and on-site audits.

For commission exemption approval, facilities must submit documentation of current program accreditation by the CARF, to the commission. Services provided in approved programs continue to be subject to retrospective review. Additionally, the commission will continue to provide a list of the facilities with programs approved for exemption from preauthorization and concurrent review on its website, www.twcc.state.tx.us . As a result of the continued preauthorization exemption for CARF accredited work hardening and work conditioning programs the commission anticipates continued savings for approved health care providers and carriers associated with not having to file and process preauthorization requests.

Changes were made to subsection (j) from proposal, which addresses voluntary certification of health care treatment and treatment plans. As proposed and adopted, an amendment to subsection (j) has been made to include the legislative mandate of Senate Bill 1804 (SB-1804), adopted in the 78th Legislative Session, 2003, expressly allowing the voluntary certification of pharmaceutical services. As adopted, an additional amendment has been made to (j) to clarify that an insurance carrier who voluntarily certifies or agrees to pay for health care pursuant to subsection (b)(2) is liable for the health care even if there has been a final adjudication that the injury is not compensable or that the health care was provided for a condition unrelated to the compensable injury.

This amendment/clarification in turn prompted amendments to the text of subsection (b) for clarity regarding liability for health care that is voluntarily certified or agreed-upon. The reference to "compensable injury" has been removed from subsection (b).

The amendment/clarification to subsection (j) also prompted amendments to the text of subsection (c). The exception to liability that is provided in subsection (c) has been revised to apply only to health care liability incurred pursuant to subsection (b)(1)(B) and (C), and not subsection (b)(2).

No changes were made to subsection (l) from proposal, which requires carriers to maintain accurate records to reflect information regarding requests for preauthorization, concurrent review, and voluntary certification. This amendment facilitates the commission's collection of data regarding all three components of this rule (preauthorization, concurrent review, and voluntary certification). The commission may continue to request summary information quarterly, or more frequently. The commission may also require request-specific data. This amendment is added to enable the commission to capture information regarding the effectiveness of the preauthorization process. The addition of voluntary certification requests to the reporting requirements is expected to provide information on the effectiveness of that process.

Former subsection (n) was deleted because it references §133.206 (relating to Spinal Surgery Second Opinion Process), which was repealed in May 2003. Former subsection (o) has been re-designated as subsection (n) and retained in the rule to clarify that the rule applies to requests for preauthorization submitted on or after March 15, 2004.

Other changes have been made to the rule as proposed in response to public comment received in writing and at a public hearing held October 15, 2003, and are described in the summary of comments and responses section of this preamble. Other changes have been made based upon further review by staff, to correct typographical or grammatical errors, or to revise subsections for consistency purposes.

A comment expressing general support for amended §134.600 was received from Austin Pain Associates.

Comments expressing general opposition to amended §134.600 were received from the following groups or associations: Forte, CMI Barron, Texas Mutual Insurance Company, Insurance Council of Texas, and American Insurance Association.

Comments expressing general concerns and/or making recommendations for changes to the rule language were received from the following groups or associations: Forte, CMI Barron, Spine and Rehabilitation Center, Texas Association of School Boards Risk Management Fund, OccUmed, Southwest Pain Management, Texas Mutual Insurance Company, American Insurance Association, PRS, Texas Association of Counties Workers' Compensation Self-Insurance Fund, Insurance Council of Texas, and Center for Pain Recovery.

Summaries of the comments and commission responses are as follows:

General

COMMENT: Commenters stated support of proposed rule.

RESPONSE: The commission agrees.

COMMENT: Commenter stated preauthorization of medical services and "fighting" medical necessity battles upfront would simplify the whole process as the time and costs are greater in retrospective review.

RESPONSE: The commission does not agree that preauthorization of all medical services would simplify the process. Preauthorization is subject to Texas Department of Insurance (TDI) and commission rules and requires doctor review and approval to determine medical necessity. Implementing preauthorization for all medical services and treatment for an injured employee could add costs to the system overall. Currently, a limited number of items are subject to preauthorization; all items not subject to preauthorization are subject to retrospective review by the carrier. Time and costs are not necessarily higher in retrospective review, as both prospective and retrospective review of health care involve associated time and cost factors, which vary on a case-by-case basis. While preauthorization is still a statutory tool for regulation of the quality and the utilization of health care in the workers' compensation system, Section 413.014 of the Texas Workers' Compensation Act (the Act) requires the commission to specify by rule which health care treatments and services require preauthorization. This implies that the legislature did not intend for all medical services to require preauthorization. The intent of the list of items that require preauthorization and concurrent review is to effect cost containment while ensuring employee access to quality health care, and to prevent the injured employee from being subjected to unnecessary care by assuring the appropriate utilization of services and treatments included on the list. In developing the list, the commission seeks to balance the interests of all system participants while ensuring the injured employee's access to timely, reasonable and medically necessary health care for the compensable injury. Requiring preauthorization for all services would clog the process and could delay treatment for many services the medical necessity of which would not be in dispute.

Subsection (c)

COMMENT: Commenter stated carriers should be required to inform requestors that compensability of a claim is being questioned.

RESPONSE: Although not proposed for amendment, the commission clarifies Rule 134.600 already includes this provision. In subsection (f)(5), which pertains to items the carrier must include in an approval, subparagraph (C), requires the carrier to include in an approval "notice of any unresolved denial of compensability or liability or an unresolved dispute of extent of or relatedness to the compensable injury."

Subsection (e)

COMMENT: Commenter recommended the rule state treatments and services must be commenced within six weeks after the request is approved. Commenter stated that the need for medical services changes over time and preauthorization approvals should expire after six weeks.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees that a six-week time frame to commence treatment or services should be included in the rule. At this time, the commission has not determined the need for establishing a specific time frame for beginning preauthorized services. The wide variety of treatments and services which require preauthorization would make it difficult to establish a set time for commencement of all services. Healthcare providers and carriers have the option of mutually agreeing to a specific start date but it is not a mandatory element of the preauthorization request. However, the commission recognizes that since the need for medical services may change over time, some time parameters are needed. Therefore, subsection (f)(5) has been amended to require the preauthorization approval to specify the number of requested health care treatments and the specific period of time requested to complete the treatments approved. Consequently, similar amendments have been made to subsection (e)(2) to require the preauthorization request to specify the number of specific health care treatments and the specific period of time requested to complete the treatments. These requirements should be sufficient to address time frames for providing preauthorized treatments and services.

COMMENT: Commenters stated preauthorization requests should require both the health care treatment and the time period needed to begin and conclude the treatment. Commenter stated evaluating the medical necessity of a request is more difficult when the health care provider is only required to list either the number of treatments or the time period of treatment on the request. Commenter stated establishing a medically appropriate time period for the approved treatment ensures that the injured employee receives appropriate and necessary medical care in both a timely and prompt manner. Commenter stated inappropriate medical treatment could extend an injured employee's disability, which could result in an inappropriate delay to return to work and inappropriately increase medical benefits and extend indemnity benefits. Commenter stated the proposed rule endangers effective utilization review and medical case management by prohibiting a carrier from requiring that medical treatments begin and conclude within a specific period of time.

RESPONSE: The commission agrees preauthorization requests should require both the number of health care treatments requested and the time period required to complete the treatments. Therefore, subsection (e)(2) has been amended to require that requests for preauthorization and concurrent review include both the number of specific health care treatments and the specific period of time requested to complete the treatments. The commission disagrees the rule endangers effective utilization review and medical case management by prohibiting a carrier from requiring that medical treatments begin and conclude within a specific period of time. Adopted §134.600 enhances utilization review and case management by promoting ongoing communication between health care providers and carriers and prevents unilateral carrier actions that may impact the delivery of care.

Subsection (f)

COMMENT: Commenter recommended language in §134.600(f)(4) be amended to clarify that all determinations, including extensions, modifications, and/or revisions, must be sent in writing to the requestor.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees that further clarification is needed in subsection (f)(4). If a health care provider and carrier mutually agree with a modification, an extension, or any other agreement, the rule provides for such documentation in subsection (f)(8).

COMMENT: Commenter stated subsection (f)(7) will result in additional unnecessary, yet preventable system cost increases associated with medical benefits. Commenter opposed new subsection (f)(7) as this will prevent carriers from timely withdrawing approved preauthorization granted either in error, such as a doctor listed on the Approved Doctor List (ADL) in error, or when provided with false or incomplete information by the health care provider who is granted preauthorization. Commenter stated carriers will be unable to withdraw approvals when the carrier makes a subsequent determination that the injury or medical condition for which preauthorization was obtained is not compensable.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees subsection (f)(7) will result in cost increases associated with medical benefits because preauthorization approvals are based on a determination of medical necessity. Once medical necessity has been approved, withdrawals should not occur. There may, however, be other statutes or rules that prohibit payment to the health care provider for health care that was preauthorized, for reasons other than an issue of medical necessity (e.g. a doctor may perform only those procedures that are within the scope of the practice for which the doctor is licensed [Section 408.022]; doctors not listed on the Approved Doctor List (ADL) are not allowed to provide or be reimbursed for health care services (except for emergency and immediate post injury care) [Texas Labor Code §408.023 and commission Rule 180.20]; a health care provider generally must bill a patient or other responsible person for services not later than the first day of the 11th month after the date the services are provided. [Texas Civil Practice & Remedies Code, §146.002] It is not necessary or advisable to attempt to restate all of these provisions in this rule. Submission of false or incomplete information in order to gain approval for preauthorization requests constitutes fraudulent behavior that should be reported to the commission's Compliance and Practices Division. The commission agrees carriers will not be able to withdraw approvals when a subsequent determination that the injury or medical condition for which preauthorization was obtained is not compensable; however, subsection (c) states the carrier is not liable under subsection (b)(1) for preauthorized services if the claim has been finally adjudicated as not compensable.

COMMENT: Commenter supports the addition of subsection (f)(7). Commenter stated there should be no exceptions to this subsection; once a health care provider receives preauthorization the medical services should always be paid for.

RESPONSE: The commission agrees in part, preauthorization approvals should not be withdrawn. However, the commission clarifies that preauthorization is a finding of medical necessity not a guaranty of payment. Subsection (c) states the carrier is not liable under subsection (b)(1) for preauthorized services if the claim has been finally adjudicated as not compensable or if the health care was provided for a condition unrelated to the compensable injury.

COMMENT: Some commenters opposed proposed subsection (f)(8). Commenters stated the rule change would affect many frequently requested courses of treatment, such as hospital length of stay, work conditioning/work hardening, chronic pain management and epidural steroid injections, because nationally accepted standards of care and practice protocols require that certain criteria be met before additional services are justified. Commenter stated partial preauthorization allows the health care provider to begin treatment and obtain additional authorization if results at a certain point of treatment show further treatments are medically efficacious and necessary. Commenters stated their experience indicates that the majority of health care providers do not object to partial preauthorizations as it is a reasonable compromise and in the best interest of the injured employee. Commenters stated partial authorizations prevent medically unnecessary care and contain costs, disallowing partial authorizations may prevent timely delivery of medically necessary care, increase both medical and indemnity costs, by delaying prompt return to work, and increasing medical disputes. Commenter stated many programs are not going to discharge patients from the program, even when it would be appropriate to do so. Commenter recommended the commission not restrict the utility of preauthorization as a cost containment mechanism. Commenter recommended the withdrawal of this subsection to permit carriers to engage in meaningful utilization review.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees. Adopted subsection (f)(8) does not prohibit carriers from continuing to use nationally accepted standards of care and practice protocols in making preauthorization decisions, rather it provides for open communication between health care providers and carriers as changes to the request must be mutually agreed upon. For some items required to be preauthorized, concurrent review provides for the extension of treatment beyond what was previously approved. For other items, if treatment beyond what was approved by mutual agreement is necessary, the health care provider may submit a new request. Partial approvals are unilateral decisions made by the carrier without communicating with the requesting health care provider. Failure to communicate with the requesting health care provider complicates the exchange of information between the parties and ultimately delays resolution for the injured employee. A unilateral decision by the carrier may also discount the opinion of the requestor and may coerce the requestor to provide a health care service that is not necessarily agreed to be the most effective course of treatment. The commission disagrees costs to the system should increase as partial approvals are not prohibited as long as the health care provider agrees. However, carriers who choose not to communicate with health care providers regarding changes to the request may ultimately issue more denials. This practice may prevent timely delivery of medically necessary care and inappropriately delay prompt return to work. The length of a program needs to be considered when determining medical necessity, if the carrier feels the length requested is inappropriate then the health care provider may be contacted to establish a mutually acceptable length of treatment. The commission disagrees that additional restrictions, which may inhibit cost containment, are being placed on the preauthorization process. Amendments to subsection (f)(8) enhance the preauthorization process by increasing communication in the system. Carriers are not prohibited from continuing to apply utilization review of treatments and services, but must discuss and mutually agree with the health care providers before altering or conditioning the approval.

COMMENT: Commenters opposed the following statement found in the proposal preamble of rule 134.600: "Such unilateral carrier restrictions ignore the medical expertise of the health care provider recommending medically necessary treatment and/or services and may compromise the injured employee's access to appropriate health care." Commenter stated utilization review agents (URA) are required by the commission and the Texas Department of Insurance (TDI) rules to fully consider the expertise of the requesting physician as contained in the documentation and justification submitted with the request. Commenters stated the cumulative medical expertise available to the URA usually equals or exceeds the medical expertise of the requesting physician. Commenter felt that a key element to promote appropriate medical treatment is effective monitoring of requested services. Commenter stated that to ban the carrier from conditioning approval on a set number of treatments and a set time deadline gives the health care provider unilateral right to determine the number of treatments.

RESPONSE: The amendments to subsection (f)(8) do not prohibit carriers from continuing to use their current review practices and medical expertise in determining medical necessity for requested services, while adhering to TDI and commission rules. This amendment allows and encourages open communication between health care providers and carriers, and provides that changes or conditions to the request must be mutually agreed upon. The commission disagrees with the commenter's assertion that the proposal preamble language "misses the purpose of utilization review." An important component of utilization review is communication with the health care provider who has an established relationship with the injured employee and is the most familiar with the injured employee's condition. The commission disagrees this subsection gives health care providers the unilateral right to determine treatments for injured employees without the carriers' consideration because a mutual agreement is necessary. If there is not an agreement, the carrier can deny their request. Amendments to subsection (e)(2)(B) require the request to include both the number of specific health care treatments and the specific period of time needed to complete the treatments. This detail in the request should help carriers better understand the extent of treatment requested.

COMMENT: Commenter opposed subsection (f)(8). Commenter stated if the URA is unable to contact the physician within the required time frames, the proposed subsection would require the peer reviewer to choose between approving or denying the entire request. Commenter stated an approval may result in the delivery of unnecessary care that may harm the injured employee, delay return to work and increase medical and indemnity costs for the system; and, a denial of all services results in no care for the injured employee until the physician submits a revised preauthorization request. Commenter stated there will be additional administrative costs for the health care provider who is unable to timely agree to a change in the preauthorization request which may affect the willingness of health care providers to treat injured employees. Commenter also stated the proposed rule will impose additional costs on the carrier for the additional preauthorization requests which will have to be resubmitted when the initial request cannot be timely negotiated before a final decision is required by §134.600.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees. The URA is not limited to only contacting the requesting health care provider, but may contact the designated representative, which includes office staff. However, if unable to contact the requestor within the required timeframes then an approval or denial must be rendered. This may cause a delay in treatment; but the health care provider has the option of submitting a request for reconsideration if a denial is issued. A delay in treatment should be minimal, as a request for reconsideration must be submitted within 15 working days of receipt of the written denial. The overall benefits of increased communication between the carrier and health care provider outweigh the possibility of delay, which should be the exception rather than the rule. The commission disagrees that unnecessary medical care will occur as preauthorization approvals are based on medical necessity; therefore, injured employees should not receive unnecessary treatment, return to work will occur when appropriate, and medical and indemnity costs do not increase as a result of administering appropriate health care. Initially, carriers may experience an increase in the number of requests received due to the inability to timely discuss the request with the health care provider, but once open communication is established earlier in the process a decrease in resubmissions should be experienced.

COMMENT: Commenter recommended the rule incorporate guidance regarding what is sufficient documentation of a health care provider/carrier agreement. Commenter stated agreements are frequently made which the health care provider later denies resulting in the assumption that the carrier unilaterally imposed restrictions on treatment.

RESPONSE: The commission agrees that documentation of a mutual agreement between the healthcare provider and carrier should be required and has amended subsection (f)(8) to include this requirement. However, the manner in which agreements are documented is left to the judgment of the health care provider and carrier. This documentation plays an important role in clarifying the terms of an agreement between a health care provider and the carrier and prevents disputes.

COMMENT: Commenters opposed subsection (f)(8). Commenters stated prohibiting carriers from conditioning an approval by including specific start or end dates would impair utilization review and allow providers to inappropriately delay treatment. Time limits should be placed on the duration of preauthorization, as in other payer systems, to promote the timely delivery of treatment, recovery, and the injured employee's return to work.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees that the rule should require specification of start and end dates. Carriers have the option of discussing with the health care providers and agreeing on start and/or end dates of a request. The commission agrees that a preauthorization request should include parameters so that the carrier has an understanding of the extent of the requested treatments. The duration of the treatment is the important factor rather than the specific dates when the treatments begin and end. Therefore, subsection (e)(2)(B) has also been amended to require the health care provider include both the number of health care treatments and the period of time needed to complete the treatments.

COMMENT: Commenters recommended preauthorization and concurrent review include both the number of medical treatments and the specific time period for completing the treatments. Commenter suggested that subsection (f)(8) be amended to add:

(A) "In the absence of a specified period of time for completion under subsection (e)(2) or (f)(5), requested treatments approved through prospective review must be completed within 30 (thirty) calendar days from the approval notification date.

(B) All requested treatments approved through preauthorization and not completed as defined under subsection (f)(5) or (f)(8)(A) must be resubmitted through the preauthorization process."

Commenters further recommended that if subsection (f)(8) was not amended in this manner, that subsections (e)(2)(B) and (f)(5)(B) be amended to read as follows:

(e)(2)(B) "the number of specific health care treatments and the specific period of time for completing requested health care services."

(f)(5)(B) "the number of requested health care treatments and the requested specific period of time for completing requested health care services; and"

Commenter stated an open-ended preauthorization or concurrent review approval provides a mechanism that would allow the inappropriate delay, postponement, or interruption of medically necessary health care, if the health care continues to be medically necessary, a subsequent request should confirm the continued medical necessity of the treatments. Commenter also stated the injured employee's access to health care would not be compromised, but enhanced through continued communication between the provider and the carrier.

RESPONSE: The commission agrees in part. Carriers have the option of discussing with the health care providers and agreeing on start and/or end dates of a request. To address the commenter's concern regarding open-ended preauthorization and concurrent review approvals, subsections (e)(2)(B) and (f)(5)(B) have been amended as suggested. These amended subsections require both the number of health care treatments and the period of time needed to complete the treatments be included in a request and an approval. The commission additionally disagrees with the first recommendation regarding (f)(8) because the language did not include mutual agreement between the requestor and the carrier and this is an essential component to the process.

COMMENT: Commenter stated subsection (f)(8) should not condition a preauthorization approval on compensability, as this issue should be addressed before an approval is granted.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees. According to subsection (f) the carrier is required to approve or deny a request for preauthorization or concurrent review based on medical necessity only. Any unresolved issues of compensability must be noted on the approval. It is a lengthy process to adjudicate claims on compensability and medically necessary services should not be withheld prior this determination. However, the statute conditions the right to medical benefits upon compensability. [Section 408.021(a)]

Subsection (g)

COMMENT: Commenter recommended extending the timeframe to appeal from 15 to 30 days. Commenter stated 15 days is sometimes not enough time for health care provider to put together a well-prepared appeal.

RESPONSE: Although not proposed for amendment, the commission disagrees. A fifteen-day timeframe affords health care providers ample time to submit a request for reconsideration. A thirty-day timeframe would create a long lapse between the initial request and a request for reconsideration and an injured employee's medical condition may experience a substantial change within such a lengthy timeframe.

COMMENT: Commenter recommended clarification of what actions the certified utilization review agent is to take when an appeal of a denial is received after the 15th day, should the late appeal request be processed as a new preauthorization request, processed as an appeal, or should the requestor be notified that the request is too late?

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees such clarification needs to be addressed in §134.600. The rule provides in subsection (g) that a request for reconsideration must be submitted within 15 working days of receipt of a written denial. There are no exceptions to this timeframe. Additionally, the late request for reconsideration cannot be processed as a new request because subsection (g)(4) has been amended to clarify that "a request for preauthorization for the same health care shall only be resubmitted when the requestor provides objective documentation to support that a substantial change in the employee's medical condition has occurred." Each carrier must determine the manner in which to notify the requestor that the request for reconsideration was received after the 15-day deadline and will therefore not be processed.

COMMENT: Commenters recommended the rule should be explicit that it is improper for health care providers to resubmit requests that have been denied without documentation of a substantial change in the employee's condition whether or not there has been an IRO review. Commenter recommended specific language.

RESPONSE: The commission agrees. Subsection (g)(4) as proposed and adopted clarifies, "a request for preauthorization for the same health care shall only be resubmitted when the requestor provides objective documentation to support that a substantial change in the employee's medical condition has occurred."

COMMENT: Commenter recommended that the commission define "substantial change in condition." Commenter questioned who will determine whether a substantial change in condition has occurred and felt that the carrier could simply refuse to consider preauthorization resubmissions based on this.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees that the term "substantial change in condition" should be defined in this rule. This concept is a fact specific determination, which is determined on a case-by-case basis. A substantial change in condition might be supported by information contained in objective documentation, such as: current diagnosis; current symptoms; responsiveness to therapy to date; work status update; pertinent findings; and pertinent diagnostic testing. The carrier should consider these elements when making this determination. The carrier cannot simply refuse to review resubmissions. The carrier may refuse to process a request for preauthorization on the ground that the requestor has not provided objective documentation that there is a substantial change in the injured employee's medical condition. A carrier who misapplies this part of the process is subject to enforcement action pursuant to the Act including Chapter 415, as this could constitute an unreasonable dispute as to reasonableness and necessity of health care and/or a denial of preauthorization in a manner that is not in accord with these rules, or other prohibited action. To further clarify this process, subsection (g)(4) as proposed has been amended to require that the carrier review the documentation and determine if a substantial change in the employee's medical condition has occurred.

COMMENT: Commenter supports changes as proposed.

RESPONSE: The commission agrees.

Subsection (h)

COMMENT: Commenters recommended physical medicine, to include physical therapy/occupational therapy, and chiropractic manipulations, be added to the list of health care in subsection (h), requiring preauthorization, even when provided in an outpatient hospital setting. Commenters had various recommendations regarding when preauthorization should begin: from day one, after 8 weeks, after 14 visits, after 18 sessions, and after the $1590 physical therapy/occupational therapy Medicare payment cap. Commenter stated the removal of physical medicine services from the preauthorization list is increasing total benefit costs in the system by allowing the over utilization of these services as documented by the 2001 ROC studies and in several studies by the WCRI. Commenter stated the cost to the system includes not only the medical services costs, but also the cost of the wage replacement benefits when the continuation of unnecessary services is used as a justification to keep an injured employee from returning to work. Commenters stated any conflict between the $1590-cap Medicare payment policy and the Labor Code would be eliminated if preauthorization was required for these services. Commenter stated that adding physical therapy/occupational services to the preauthorization list would allow for concurrent review of the medical necessity of additional services, subject to peer-to-peer interaction prior to adverse determination and it would be less expensive with much more communication. Commenter stated that with the commission's elimination of treatment guidelines, carriers are arbitrarily, or under the guise of proprietary guidelines, retrospectively denying treatment for reasons of medical necessity without peer reviews, which has resulted in patient treatment being affected by non-medical persons. The commission in its Self Evaluation Report dated August 2003, IX-Policy Issues, B4.4, recognizes this as a costly activity for the commission. Commenters stated if physical therapy/occupational therapy services are preauthorized there would be less retrospective reviews for Medical Dispute Resolution to process and health care providers would not provide services they will never be reimbursed for. Commenter stated medical necessity issues should be fought prospectively through preauthorization and Independent Review Organizations (IROs), this would keep the time delay of the commission out of the process. Commenter stated IRO costs to the carrier would escalate if a health care provider was able to repeatedly submit requests without evidence of a change of circumstances. Commenter recommended the rule refer to a "treatment program" of physical therapy and manipulations, this will prevent health care providers from requesting services piecemeal in multiple requests and would also make it logical to classify a request for extension of the program as a request for concurrent review. This approach would also reduce the costs of preauthorization of these services for carriers. Commenter stated the amended language of subsection (g)(4) of the proposed rule addresses the concerns of the insurance carriers that multiple requests for small increments of physical medicine services could be filed to induce carriers to approve services to avoid IRO fees which may be higher than the cost of the services requested. Commenter recommended amending subsection (a) to add a definition of Program of physical therapy and manipulations and to amend subsection (h) by adding paragraph (15), "Any program of physical therapy and manipulations after the claimant has had a total of 14 outpatient visits with health care providers in which any physical therapy services or manipulations were provided," and to amend subsection (i) by adding paragraph (8), "programs of physical therapy and manipulations."

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees that recommended changes should be made, as these suggested list items have not been proposed and are beyond the scope of the proposed rule amendments.

COMMENT: Commenter recommended Outpatient Medical Rehabilitation and Chronic Pain Management programs be subject to preauthorization and concurrent review regardless of accreditation.

RESPONSE: Although not proposed for amendment, the commission clarifies that Outpatient Medical Rehabilitation and Chronic Pain Management programs are in the rule under subsection (h)(10)(A) and (B), and are subject to preauthorization and concurrent review regardless of accreditation.

COMMENT: Commenter recommended muscle stimulators be added to subsection (h)(11), which requires preauthorization for all durable medical equipment (DME) in excess of $500 per item (either purchase or expected cumulative rental) and all transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators (TENS) units.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees that recommended changes should be made, as these suggested list items have not been proposed and are beyond the scope the rule amendments.

COMMENT: Commenter recommended that Botulinum Toxin be added to the list of services, which require preauthorization.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees that recommended changes should be made, as this suggested list item has not been proposed and is beyond the scope the rule amendments.

COMMENT: Commenters oppose the preauthorization exemption for CARF, the Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities, accredited work hardening and work conditioning programs. Commenters stated charges from a CARF accredited facility can be evaluated retrospectively and payment can be refused if the services appear medically unnecessary; however, the additional cost to the system occurs because the unnecessary services can delay the injured employee's return to work and the additional indemnity payments cannot be recovered from the facility and are permanent additional costs to the system. Commenters stated there is no relationship between CARF accreditation of a facility or program and whether a specific course of treatment by that program is medically necessary for a specific patient at a specific time. Commenters stated there is nothing to show CARF accredited programs are relatively more effective and less likely to provide medically unnecessary or inappropriate services.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees. Texas Labor Code §413.014(c)(2) requires preauthorization and concurrent review of work hardening or work conditioning services provided by a health care facility that is not credentialed by an organization recognized by commission rules. The commission has exempted CARF accredited work hardening and work conditioning programs when requested, and consequently, carriers may not prospectively review services and treatments provided by such credentialed organizations. As of the effective date of this rule, the exemption will continue until further information can be gathered to determine the impact the exemption has on medical and indemnity costs and the injured employee's health care. The commission disagrees that these exempted programs are the sole factor that either expedites or hinders an injured employee's return to work. Regarding whether a relationship exists between CARF program accreditations and medical necessity of the program, as well as the effectiveness of CARF accredited programs, the commission agrees with commenters' concerns. The effectiveness of all medical services provided within the system has a bearing on return to work outcomes and should be analyzed. However, the commission has not undertaken a detailed review and analysis of all factors related to return to work. According to the insurance carrier summary information reported to the commission, approximately 50% of the preauthorization requests for non-exempted and/or non-accredited work hardening and work conditioning programs were denied as not medically necessary. This would seem to indicate a potential for over-utilization of these work hardening and work conditioning programs. To date, the commission has received relatively few retrospective medical necessity disputes concerning exempted CARF accredited facilities. This would seem to indicate that the carriers as a whole are reasonably satisfied with the medical necessity of work hardening/work conditioning services provided by the CARF accredited facilities.

COMMENT: Commenter stated the language "work hardening/work conditioning services" is too general and recommended subsection (h)(9) clearly state work hardening/work conditioning services must meet the definition outlined in the CARF manual and should reference these services as defined in §134.202(e)(5)(B) and (C).

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees with commenter's recommendation to define and reference the requirements as outlined in the CARF manual and in §134.202. The coding, billing and reporting instructions included in §134.202 are sufficient direction for system participants, and further provide system participants with the appropriate reference to the current CARF manual for further program descriptions and requirements.

COMMENT: Commenter recommended the following language be added to subsection (h)(9): "The commission will provide a list of the facilities with programs approved for exemption on the TWCC website, www.twcc.state.tx.us ." Commenter stated it is appropriate that the commission maintain a comprehensive and current list of commission approved work hardening and work conditioning facilities on the commission website.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees that a rule must contain website information. The commission however, does intend to continue the practice of posting a list of the facilities with programs approved for exemption on the commission's website, or wherever deemed most appropriate for information sharing purposes.

Subsection (i)

COMMENT: Commenter recommended physical therapy/occupational therapy services be added to subsection (i), regarding services requiring concurrent review, if these services are added to subsection (h).

RESPONSE: Physical therapy/occupational therapy services were not proposed for amendment and are beyond the scope of the proposed rule amendments, and therefore have not been considered for addition to subsection (h) or (i) of the rule at this time.

Subsection (j)

COMMENT: Commenter recommended physical therapy/occupational therapy be added to the preauthorization list and in the alternative it be added to subsection (j), regarding the voluntary certification process.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees. The commission disagrees that recommended changes should be made to the preauthorization list items, as these suggested list items have not been proposed and are beyond the scope the rule amendments. The commission disagrees that in the alternative a list of voluntary certification items be added to subsection (j). The commission clarifies that the voluntary certification process is a voluntary agreement between the provider and carrier, and is available for all services that do not require preauthorization or concurrent review. An attempt to list specific items such as this commenter's recommendation would confuse some parties by introducing another list of items or implying that voluntary certification of health care is list specific.

COMMENT: Commenter recommended a response time of 3 working days be added to the voluntary certification process.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees. The voluntary certification process should remain an agreement between the provider and the carrier, and commission involvement and restrictions would compromise the voluntary nature of the process and the ability of system participants to tailor the process to their particular business needs.

COMMENT: Commenter requested clarification regarding who should request voluntary certification of pharmaceutical services and whether the doctor prescribing the medication should be required to provide the pharmacy with written medical justification or be the requestor of the voluntary certification. Commenter additionally requested clarification regarding if a carrier or utilization review agent (URA) acting for the carrier could request a pharmacy to agree to participate in voluntary certification.

RESPONSE: The commission provides clarification that the voluntary certification process should remain an agreement between the provider and the carrier. These parties may coordinate and reach an agreement regarding the process, as well as the provision and reimbursement of any service not subject to preauthorization and concurrent review.

COMMENT: Commenter questioned the statutory authority supporting §134.600(b)(2) and (j)(3), regarding the carriers' liability when voluntary certification has been agreed upon and/or payment has been negotiated.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees it lacks the authority to establish carrier liability for voluntarily certified health care. Section 413.014 of the Texas Labor Code was amended by SB 1804 (2003 Legislative Session) to state that an "insurance carrier is liable for health care treatment and treatment plans and pharmaceutical services that are voluntarily preauthorized and may not dispute the certified or agreed on preauthorized health care treatment, treatment plans and pharmaceutical services at a later date." This is precisely what is stated in subsections (b)(2) and (j) of the adopted rule. The voluntary certification process would be of little value if a voluntary agreement as to medical necessity could not be relied upon by the provider.

COMMENT: Commenter supported the intent of SB-1804 and proposed amendment of (j)(1).

RESPONSE: The commission agrees.

COMMENT: Commenter expressed concern that in the retrospective review process carriers are not required to pay the IRO fee and refuse to participate in the voluntary certification process.

RESPONSE: It is the responsibility of the carrier to review retrospectively the medical necessity of services provided to injured employees by health care providers when medical necessity has not been determined through the preauthorization or concurrent review process. The voluntary certification of health care option is available to interested parties as a tool to establish service and reimbursement parameters. The commission further provides clarification that the voluntary certification process should remain an agreement between the provider and the carrier. Although system participants may refuse to participate in voluntary certification, the commission has no authority to compel participants to develop and utilize a voluntary certification process.

COMMENT: Commenters recommended carriers be required to participate in the voluntary certification process.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees with this recommendation, as voluntary certification is exactly that - voluntary . Required participation is not voluntary

COMMENT: Another commenter recommended language state that the carrier is liable for services that are voluntarily certified and may not dispute these services at a later date. Commenter further opined that the intent of SB-1804 was to address services provided that were later determined as non-compensable and render the carrier liable for services rendered after preauthorization was approved.

RESPONSE: The commission agrees in part with commenters' recommendations. Section 413.014 of the Texas Labor Code was amended by SB 1804 (2003 Legislative Session) to state that an "insurance carrier is liable for health care treatment and treatment plans and pharmaceutical services that are voluntarily preauthorized and may not dispute the certified or agreed on preauthorized health care treatment, treatment plans and pharmaceutical services at a later date." Changes were made to subsection (j) from proposal to address voluntary certification of health care treatment and treatment plans. As proposed and adopted, an amendment to subsection (j) has been made to include the legislative mandate of Senate Bill 1804 (SB-1804), adopted in the 78th Legislative Session, 2003, expressly allowing the voluntary certification of pharmaceutical services. As adopted, an additional amendment has been made to (j) to clarify that an insurance carrier who voluntarily certifies or agrees to pay for health care pursuant to subsection (b)(2) is liable for the health care even if there has been a final adjudication that the injury is not compensable or that the health care was provided for a condition unrelated to the compensable injury.

This amendment/clarification in turn prompted an amendment to the text of subsection (b) for clarity regarding liability for health care that is voluntarily certified or agreed-upon. The reference to "compensable injury" has been removed from subsection (b).

The amendment/clarification to subsection (j) also prompted amendments to the text of subsection (c). The exception to liability that is provided in subsection (c) has been revised to apply only to health care liability incurred pursuant to subsection (b)(1)(B) and (C), and not subsection (b)(2).

The amendments to subsections (b) and (c) should reduce errors in interpretation of the statute and rule, and should additionally be taken in context with concurrent commission rule adopted amendments to §124.3 regarding time deadlines for disputing compensability or extent of injury. Insurance carriers are liable for all benefits that accrue from the date of injury, and must either initiate payments that are due or dispute the claim's compensability by the 15th day after the date the insurance carrier receives written notice of the claimed injury. The insurance carrier has 60 days after the date it receives written notice of the claimed injury to investigate the claim and decide whether to contest compensability. This clarifies existing law and practice, and provides explicit uniformity with the adopted amendments to Rule 124.3 (relating to Notice of Injury).

The commission disagrees that subsection (e) as amended by SB-1804 addresses carrier liability with respect to preauthorized health care when the claim is later determined to be non-compensable.

In the Texas Workers' Compensation Act compensable injuries are the essential basis, the foundation, for an injured employee's benefits under the workers' compensation system: A "benefit" is defined as "a medical benefit, an income benefit, a death benefit, or a burial benefit based on a compensable injury " (emphasis added) (§401.011(5)); "An employee who sustains a compensable injury is entitled to all health care reasonably required by the nature of the injury as and when needed." (emphasis added) (§408.021(a)). The Act should be read to give effect to all of these provisions and should not be construed to grant an implied exception to the requirement of compensability.

Texas Labor Code §413.014 addresses preauthorization in the workers' compensation system. Subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d) address preauthorization and concurrent review. Only subsection (e) addresses voluntary certification, and it was subsection (e) that was amended in SB 1804 by adding text regarding carrier liability and disputes. The last sentence of subsection (e) as amended by SB-1804 applies only to health care agreed upon through voluntary certification; it does not apply to health care that requires preauthorization and has been preauthorized.

Other rules of statutory construction are applicable in an interpretation of Texas Labor Code §413.014(e) as amended by SB 1804:

* One must look to the statute as a whole, and not at its isolated provisions - as already noted, a compensable injury is the very basis of an injured employee's entitlement to benefits under the workers' compensation system. Any exception or exemption to that requirement should be phrased in very clear and specific statutory language.

* When specific exceptions to a statute are stated by the legislature, no other exceptions are meant to apply. In addition, the provisions of Texas Labor Code §413.014(e) can be given effect without any implied exception to the other provisions in the Act requiring a compensable injury for payment of benefits. In the Labor Code, the legislature has provided for a specific set of circumstances in which an employee may be entitled to benefits regardless of compensability (See §409.021). The Legislature has provided in explicit exceptions to the requirement of compensability (see Texas Labor Code §§409.021 and 413.0141) and has also provided a limited exception in subsection 413.014(e); this agency has no other explicit statutory exception to utilize as a basis for superceding the compensability requirement.

* All words in a statute should be given effect; no statutory language should be treated as surplusage if possible; each word in a statute is to be given effect if reasonable and possible; every word is presumed to have been used for a purpose - the commenter's interpretation of the relevant text from SB 1804 can be reached only by, in effect, deleting the words "agreed-upon" from the last sentence of §413.014(e), and treating them as surplusage, contrary to this recognized standard of statutory construction.

The commission has concluded that the amendments to §413.014 enacted by SB 1804 do not address carrier liability for health care for which preauthorization is required and was approved. It does address carrier liability for health care that was voluntarily certified or agreed-upon by the carrier.

Subsection (l)

COMMENT: Commenter requested clarification on what types of inquiries from health care providers are considered voluntary certification requests and are requests from pharmacies included. Commenter requested clarification on whether a carriers' verification of coverage could be considered voluntary certification and limit the carriers' right to retrospective review. Commenter also requested clarification on how to document a voluntary certification request, approval, or denial; and, questioned whether carriers may need to record peer-to-peer discussions.

RESPONSE: The commission clarifies that verification of coverage should not be considered a request for voluntary certification and therefore does not prohibit the right to retrospective review. The commission notes that a request for voluntary certification does not prohibit retrospective review; it is only a request for and agreement to voluntary certification that does so. The commission does not define an individual carrier's practice and policy regarding voluntary certification requests received from health care providers. The commission does not regulate the voluntary certification process by enacting specific requirements; the voluntary certification process should remain an agreement between the provider and the carrier. The commission encourages system participants to document all discussions related to medical necessity, including peer-to-peer discussions, as such documentation will enhance data collection and analysis within the voluntary certification process. The data collection process currently used to maintain records regarding preauthorization and concurrent review approval/denial decisions, and appeals should be expanded to include the records regarding voluntary certification. It is not the commission's intent to initially request detailed information on voluntary certification, but knowledge of the use or non-use of voluntary certification is important information to the commission and system participants.

COMMENT: Commenters opposed carriers maintaining records regarding voluntary certification. Commenters stated that the language is non-specific; the rule is meaningless to carriers and unenforceable by the commission. Commenters stated this requirement will inhibit communication between carriers and health care providers, increase carriers' record keeping burdens and costs, and make the system inefficient. Commenter stated the system is already one of the most extensive and administratively burdensome systems for insurers, this requirement makes the system inefficient and expensive relative to other state systems. Commenter stated the commission should be working in a manner to make the system more cost efficient and less burdensome. Commenter stated the inclusion of pharmaceutical services under voluntary certification would increase the documentation and reporting requirements significantly and will no longer be cost effective to engage in the process. Commenter stated this requirement impairs the practical viability of the voluntary certification process. Commenters recommended deletion of the language requiring carriers to maintain records regarding voluntary certification. Commenter stated voluntary certification is provided and enforceable under subsection (j) without any additional costs to participants.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees that the voluntary certification record keeping requirements should be deleted. The rule amendment is necessary for the commission to capture information regarding the effectiveness of the voluntary certification process. Although the voluntary certification process is not mandatory, it is important for the commission and system participants to understand the volume and type of services approved through this process. Without the collection of this information, the commission and system participants are forced to rely upon anecdotal information to evaluate the effectiveness of the voluntary certification process. The requirement is not intended to inhibit communication between carriers and health care providers. Carriers currently have a data collection process in place to maintain records regarding preauthorization and concurrent review and the carriers' record keeping burden and cost for the addition of voluntary certification records should be minimal. The voluntary certification of health care option as a tool to establish service and reimbursement parameters is a way to make the system more cost efficient and less burdensome. The inclusion of pharmaceutical services under voluntary certification was mandated by SB-1804.

COMMENT: Commenters believed the reporting requirements constitute illegal rule making and circumvents the Administrative Procedures Act, which forces agencies to provide the public the opportunity to comment on rules before they are enforced and to require the agency to put its practice and procedure requirements into a single publicly available document. Commenter stated system stakeholders aren't given the opportunity to comment on the specific data elements or sets that must be collected and reported to the commission.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees that the rule's reporting requirements constitute illegal rulemaking. Subsection (l) specifies that information regarding the approval or denial decisions made in the preauthorization, concurrent review, and voluntary certification process must be maintained. Upon request this information must be submitted to the commission. The rule requires documentation of the preauthorization, concurrent review, and voluntary certification processes. Subsection (l) requires a carrier to maintain those records.

COMMENT: Commenters opposed the rule since the rule does not specifically list the data reporting requirements and the provision which states that the carrier ". . . shall submit information in the form and manner prescribed by the commission." Commenter recommended initiating a process which provides stakeholders the opportunity to submit comments on proposed new or proposed changes to forms and associated data elements where data must be collected and reported to the commission pursuant to the provisions of a rule. Commenter recommended the rule state the specific data elements to be collected and the specific format to be submitted. Commenter recommended subsection (l) remain unchanged while the commission convenes a workgroup of data collectors and users to develop specifications for preauthorization data (and medical billing data) that can be adopted through the rulemaking process. Commenter recommended the commission define a reasonable implementation period for compliance after notification of the required reporting form and manner of future commission required reports and also by rule-define a post-implementation reporting period "start date" for the collection of commission requested information. Commenter stated this would allow the commission to determine business reasons for capturing information and allow carriers to prospectively capture commission required data, promoting compliance and data integrity.

RESPONSE: The commission disagrees specific data elements should be included in subsection (l). Rule specific data submission requirements have not been included so as not to restrict the ability of the commission to add or delete data requirements. The flexibility to modify the data elements more quickly than in a rule making process enhances the commission's ability to request, review and analyze information based on current system needs and additional data availability and to eliminate data which may prove to not be useful or data which needs to be provided for only a short time period. This amendment is added to capture information regarding the effectiveness of the preauthorization, concurrent review, and voluntary certification processes. The commission disagrees that a process which provides stakeholders the opportunity to submit comments on proposed new or amended to forms is needed. The commission already utilizes inclusive, open, alternate methods that include stakeholders and users groups input on forms and form changes. The commission disagrees subsection (l) should remain unchanged while the commission convenes a workgroup; specifications for preauthorization data to be submitted to the commission are not required to go through a rulemaking process. However, the commission clarifies that it does seek input on forms and form changes when needed. The commission disagrees a rule-defined implementation period and "start date" is needed. The commission continues to develop cooperative working relationships with carriers to accurately report data related to preauthorization and concurrent review. For example, the commission has utilized notifications to inform participants of established forms and implementation periods. Notifications are disbursed with ample time to allow carriers to capture commission-required data. Additionally, the commission has granted extensions when appropriate to accommodate the needs of the carrier. The commission anticipates utilizing the same cooperative working relationships with carriers and other system participants for ongoing data collection efforts.

Subsection (n)

COMMENT: Commenter supported deletion of subsection (n).

RESPONSE: The commission agrees that subsection (n) relating to §133.206 of this title (relating to Spinal Surgery Second Opinion Process) is no longer necessary.

The amendment is adopted under: the Texas Labor Code, §401.011 which contains definitions used in the Texas Workers' Compensation Act; the Texas Labor Code, §401.024, which provides the commission the authority to require use of facsimile or other electronic means to transmit information in the system; the Texas Labor Code, §402.042, which authorizes the Executive Director to enter orders as authorized by the statute as well as to prescribe the form and manner and procedure for transmission of information to the commission; the Texas Labor Code §402.061, which authorizes the commission to adopt rules necessary to administer the Act; the Texas Labor Code §406.010 that authorizes the commission to adopt rules regarding claims service; the Texas Labor Code §408.021(a) that states an employee who sustains a compensable injury is entitled to all health care reasonably required by the nature of the injury as and when needed; the Texas Labor Code, §408.025 which requires the commission to specify by rule what reports a health care provider is required to file; the Texas Labor Code §408.026, that requires the preauthorization of spinal surgery; the Texas Labor Code, §409.021, which requires insurance carriers to timely initiate or dispute compensation; the Texas Labor Code, §409.022, which requires a notice of refusal to specify the insurance carrier's grounds for disputing a claim and requires the grounds to be reasonable; the Texas Labor Code §413.002, that requires the commission to monitor health care providers and carriers to ensure compliance with commission rules relating to health care including medical policies and fee guidelines; the Texas Labor Code §413.011 that requires the commission by rule to establish medical policies relating to necessary treatments for injuries and designed to ensure the quality of medical care and to achieve effective medical cost control; the Texas Labor Code, §413.013 which requires the commission by rule to establish a program for prospective, concurrent, and retrospective review and resolution of a dispute regarding health care treatments and services, a program for the systematic monitoring of the necessity of the treatments administered and fees charged and paid for medical treatments or services including the authorization of prospective, concurrent or retrospective review and a program to detect practices and patterns by insurance carriers in unreasonably denying authorization of payment for medical services, and a program to increase the intensity of review; the Texas Labor Code §413.014 that requires the commission to specify by rule, except for treatments and services required to treat a medical emergency, which health care treatments and services require express preauthorization and concurrent review by the carrier as well as allowing health care providers to request pre-certification and allowing the carriers to enter agreements to pay for treatments and services that do not require preauthorization or concurrent review. This mandate also states the carrier is not liable for the cost of the specified treatments and services unless preauthorization is sought by the claimant or health care provider and either obtained or ordered by the commission; the Texas Labor Code §413.017 that establishes medical services to be presumed reasonable when provided subject to prospective or concurrent review and authorized by the carrier; the Texas Labor Code §413.031, that establishes the right to access medical dispute resolution; the Texas Labor Code; §413.0511 and .0512, which allow the Medical Advisor and the Medical Quality Review Panel to review compliance with rules and recommend sanctions; the Texas Labor Code §414.007, that allows the review of referrals from the Medical Review Division by the Division of Compliance and Practices; and the Texas Insurance Code, Article 21.58A, which provides requirements for the certification of health care utilization review agents, standards for utilization review, and provides for appeal of adverse determinations of utilization review agents.

The amendment is adopted under: the Texas Labor Code, §401.011, §401.024, §402.042, §402.061, §406.010, §408.021(a), §408.025, §408.026, §409.021, §409.022, §413.002, §413.011 §413.013, §413.014, §413.017, §413.031, §413.0511, §413.0512, and the Texas Insurance Code, Article 21.58A.

§134.600.Preauthorization, Concurrent Review, and Voluntary Certification of Health Care.

(a) The following words and terms, used in this section shall have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:

(1) Ambulatory surgical services: surgical services provided in a facility that operates primarily to provide surgical services to patients who do not require overnight hospital care;

(2) Concurrent review: a review of on-going health care listed in subsection (i) of this section for an extension of treatment beyond previously approved health care listed in subsection (h) of this section;

(3) Final adjudication: the commission has issued a final decision or order that is no longer subject to appeal by either party;

(4) Outpatient surgical services: surgical services provided in a freestanding surgical center or a hospital outpatient department to patients who do not require overnight hospital care;

(5) Preauthorization: prospective approval obtained from the insurance carrier (carrier) by the requestor or injured employee (employee) prior to providing the health care treatment or services (health care); and

(6) Requestor: the health care provider or designated representative, including office staff or a referral health care provider/health care facility who requests preauthorization, concurrent review or voluntary certification.

(b) The carrier is liable for all reasonable and necessary medical costs relating to the health care:

(1) listed in subsection (h) or (i) of this section, only when the following situations occur:

(A) an emergency, as defined in §133.1 of this title (relating to Definitions);

(B) preauthorization of any health care listed in subsection (h) of this section was approved prior to providing the health care;

(C) concurrent review of any health care listed in subsection (i) of this section was approved prior to providing the health care; or

(D) when ordered by the commission; or

(2) per subsection (j) of this section, when voluntary certification was requested and payment agreed upon prior to providing the health care, for any health care not listed in subsection (h) of this section.

(c) The carrier is not liable under subparagraphs (b)(1)(B) or (C) of this section if there has been a final adjudication that the injury is not compensable or that the health care was provided for a condition unrelated to the compensable injury.

(d) The carrier or its agent, to include utilization review agent (carrier) shall designate accessible direct telephone and facsimile numbers, and may designate an electronic transmission address for use by the requestor or employee to request preauthorization or concurrent review during normal business hours. The direct number shall be answered or the facsimile or electronic transmission address responded to by the carrier within the time limits established in subsection (f) of this section.

(e) The requestor or employee shall request and obtain preauthorization from the carrier prior to providing or receiving health care listed in subsection (h) of this section. Concurrent review shall be requested prior to the conclusion of the specific number of treatments or period of time preauthorized and approval must be obtained prior to extending the health care listed in subsection (i) of this section. The request shall:

(1) be sent to the carrier by telephone, facsimile, or electronic transmission;

(2) include:

(A) the specific health care listed in subsections (h) or (i) of this section;

(B) the number of specific health care treatments and the specific period of time requested to complete the treatments;

(C) the medical information to substantiate the need for the health care recommended;

(D) the accessible telephone and facsimile numbers and may designate an electronic transmission address for use by the carrier;

(E) the name of the provider performing the health care; and

(F) the facility name and estimated date of proposed health care.

(f) The carrier shall:

(1) approve or deny requests for preauthorization or concurrent review based solely upon the reasonable and necessary medical health care required to treat the injury, regardless of:

(A) unresolved issues of compensability, extent of or relatedness to the compensable injury;

(B) the carrier's liability for the injury; or

(C) the fact that the employee has reached maximum medical improvement;

(2) prior to the issuance of a denial, afford the requestor a reasonable opportunity to discuss the clinical basis for a denial with the appropriate doctor or health care provider performing the review;

(3) contact the requestor or employee by telephone, facsimile, or electronic transmission with the decision to approve or deny the request:

(A) within three working days of receipt of a request for preauthorization; or

(B) within three working days of receipt of a request for concurrent review, except for health care listed in subsection (i)(1) of this section, which is due within one working day of the receipt of the request;

(4) send written notification of the approval or denial of the request, within one working day of the decision to:

(A) the employee;

(B) the employee's representative; and

(C) the requestor, if not previously sent by facsimile or electronic transmission;

(5) include in an approval:

(A) the specific health care;

(B) number of requested health care treatments and the requested specific period of time to complete the treatments approved; and

(C) notice of any unresolved denial of compensability or liability or an unresolved dispute of extent of or relatedness to the compensable injury;

(6) include in a denial:

(A) the description or source of screening criteria used, the principal reasons, and clinical basis for making the denial; and

(B) plain language notifying the employee of the right to timely request reconsideration of the health care denied under subsection (g) of this section;

(7) not withdraw an approval once issued; and

(8) not condition an approval or change any elements of the request as listed in subsection (e)(2), unless the condition or change is mutually agreed to by the health care provider and carrier and the agreement is documented.

(g) If the response is a denial of preauthorization the requestor or employee may request reconsideration of the denied health care. If the response is a denial of health care requiring concurrent review, the requestor may request reconsideration of the denied health care.

(1) The requestor or employee may, within 15 working days of receipt of a written denial, request the carrier to reconsider the denial and shall document the reconsideration request.

(2) The carrier shall respond to the request for reconsideration of the denial:

(A) within five working days of receipt of a request for reconsideration of denied preauthorization; or

(B) within three working days of receipt of a request for reconsideration of denied concurrent review, except for health care listed in subsection (i)(1), which is due within one working day of the receipt of the request;

(3) The requestor or employee may appeal the denial of a reconsideration request by filing a dispute in accordance with Texas Labor Code §413.031 and §§133.305, 133.307 and 133.308 of this title (relating to Medical Dispute Resolution; Medical Dispute Resolution of a Fee Dispute; and Medical Dispute Resolution by Independent Review Organization).

(4) A request for preauthorization for the same health care shall only be resubmitted when the requestor provides objective documentation to support that a substantial change in the employee's medical condition has occurred. The carrier shall review the documentation and determine if a substantial change in the employee's medical condition has occurred.

(h) The non-emergency health care requiring preauthorization includes:

(1) inpatient hospital admissions including the principal scheduled procedure(s) and the length of stay;

(2) outpatient surgical or ambulatory surgical services, as defined in subsection (a) of this section;

(3) spinal surgery, as provided by Texas Labor Code §408.026;

(4) all psychological testing and psychotherapy, repeat interviews, and biofeedback; except when any service is part of a preauthorized or exempt rehabilitation program;

(5) all external and implantable bone growth stimulators;

(6) all chemonucleolysis;

(7) all myelograms, discograms, or surface electromyograms;

(8) unless otherwise specified, repeat individual diagnostic study, with a fee established in the current Medical Fee Guideline of greater than $350 or documentation of procedure (DOP). (Diagnostic study is defined as any test used to help establish or exclude the presence of disease/injury in symptomatic persons; the test can help determine the diagnosis, screen for specific diseases/injury, guide the management of an established disease/injury and help formulate a prognosis.);

(9) work hardening and work conditioning services provided in a facility that has not been approved for exemption by the commission. A comprehensive occupational rehabilitation program or a general occupational rehabilitation program constitutes work hardening or work conditioning, respectively, for purposes of this section. All work hardening or work conditioning programs initiated on or after January 1, 2004 and prior to March 15, 2004, are subject to preauthorization and concurrent review. (For commission exemption approval for programs initiated on or after March 15, 2004, facilities must submit documentation of current program accreditation by the Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF) to the commission. Commission exempted programs and non-exempted programs are subject to commission verification and audit, and upon request shall submit specified information in the form and manner prescribed by the commission.);

(10) rehabilitation programs to include:

(A) outpatient medical rehabilitation; and

(B) chronic pain management/interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation;

(11) all durable medical equipment (DME) in excess of $500 per item (either purchase or expected cumulative rental) and all transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators (TENS) units;

(12) nursing home, convalescent, residential, and all home health care services and treatments;

(13) chemical dependency or weight loss programs; and

(14) any investigational or experimental service or device for which there is early, developing scientific or clinical evidence demonstrating the potential efficacy of the treatment, service, or device but that is not yet broadly accepted as the prevailing standard of care.

(i) The health care requiring concurrent review for an extension for previously approved services includes:

(1) inpatient length of stay;

(2) work hardening or work conditioning services;

(3) investigational or experimental services or use of devices;

(4) rehabilitation programs;

(5) DME in excess of $500 per item and TENS usage;

(6) nursing home, convalescent, residential, and home health care services; and

(7) chemical dependency or weight loss programs.

(j) This subsection governs requests for voluntary certification of health care treatment and treatment plans, either prospectively or concurrently, that do not require preauthorization or concurrent review under subsections (h) and (i) of this section respectively.

(1) The requestor and carrier may voluntarily discuss health care, including pharmaceutical services, and/or treatment plans.

(2) The carrier may certify or agree to pay for health care requested under paragraph (1) of this subsection. The carrier and requestor should document the agreement.

(3) Carrier certification, or agreement to pay, subjects the carrier to liability in accordance with subsection (b)(2) of this section even if there has been a final adjudication that the injury is not compensable or that the health care was provided for a condition unrelated to the compensable injury.

(4) Denials of voluntary certification under this subsection are not subject to prospective necessity dispute resolution; however, health care for which voluntary certification was denied, is subject to retrospective necessity dispute resolution.

(k) An increase or decrease in review and preauthorization controls may be applied to individual doctors or individual workers' compensation claims, by the commission in accordance with §408.0231(b)(4) of the Texas Labor Code and other sections of this title.

(l) The carrier shall maintain accurate records to reflect information regarding requests for preauthorization, or concurrent review approval/denial decisions, and appeals, if any. The carrier shall also maintain accurate records to reflect information regarding requests for voluntary certification approval/denial decisions. Upon request of the commission, the carrier shall submit such information in the form and manner prescribed by the commission.

(m) Requests for preauthorization and/or concurrent review shall be responded to in accordance with rules in effect at the time of submission of the request. Where any terms or portions of this section are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, the remaining terms and provisions of this section shall remain in effect to the extent possible. If a portion of this section is declared invalid in a final judgment that is not subject to appeal, or is suspended by order of the court which is given immediate effect, the rule as it existed prior to the effective date of this section shall remain in effect for all requests for preauthorization to the extent necessary.

(n) The effective date of this section is March 15, 2004. Requests for preauthorization submitted prior to March 15, 2004 shall be subject to the rule in effect at the time the request was submitted.

This agency hereby certifies that the adoption has been reviewed by legal counsel and found to be a valid exercise of the agency's legal authority.

Filed with the Office of the Secretary of State on February 23, 2004.

TRD-200401266

Susan Cory

General Counsel

Texas Workers' Compensation Commission

Effective date: March 14, 2004

Proposal publication date: September 5, 2003

For further information, please call: (512) 804-4287